Cadernos de saúde pública
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Cadernos de saúde pública · Jan 2020
Meta AnalysisCOVID-19 infection in pregnant women, preterm delivery, birth weight, and vertical transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
In less than four months, the total of confirmed cases of COVID-19 was 1,684,833 worldwide. Outcomes among the public of pregnant women with COVID-19 are still unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze whether COVID-19 in pregnant women is related to premature birth and birth weight, and to summarize the diagnostic results of neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 for investigating the possibility of vertical transmission. ⋯ Due to the characteristics of the studies, the level of evidence of this meta-analysis was considered very low. COVID-19 in pregnant women may not be associated with the occurrence of preterm deliveries or the birth weight of the newborn children, however the evidence to date is very uncertain. A few reports suggest vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to newborn is possible, but evidence is still uncertain.
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Cadernos de saúde pública · Jan 2020
Social distancing measures in the fight against COVID-19 in Brazil: description and epidemiological analysis by state.
Social distancing measures have been widely adopted to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about the timing of measures' implementation, scope, and duration in relation to their impact. The study aimed to describe the social distancing measures implemented by Brazil's states and the Federal District, including the types of measures and the timing of their implementation. ⋯ All the states implemented distancing measures, mostly during the latter half of March 2020. Economic lockdown was implemented early, prior to the 10th case by 67% of the states and prior to the 1st death from COVID-19 by 89% of the states. Early social distancing measures were widely implemented in Brazil, before or in the initial phase of the exponential growth curve of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the great majority of states.
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Cadernos de saúde pública · Jan 2020
The effect of lockdown on the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil: evidence from an interrupted time series design.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide have implemented social distancing policies with different levels of both enforcement and compliance. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis to estimate the impact of lockdowns on reducing the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in Brazil. Official daily data was collected for four city capitals before and after their respective policies interventions based on a 14 days observation window. ⋯ In São Luís, we observed a reduction of 37.85% while in Fortaleza the decrease was 33.4% on the average difference in daily deaths if the lockdown had not been implemented. Similarly, the intervention diminished mortality in Recife by 21.76% and Belém by 16.77%. Social distancing policies can be useful tools in flattening the epidemic curve.
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Cadernos de saúde pública · Jan 2020
[Brazilian validation of the item banks on Sleep Disturbance and Wake Disturbance in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)].
This study aimed to validate the Brazilian version of the item banks for Sleep Disturbance and Wake Disturbance from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Validation of these item banks used classical test theory, item response theory, calibrations of items according to the gradual response model proposed by Samejima, and analysis of Differential Item Functioning (DIF), with a sample consisting of 627 participants over 18 years of age. As for data quality, there were no missing data, five items from the Sleep Disturbance bank and four items from the WE bank showed a floor effect, and none of the banks showed a ceiling effect. ⋯ The calibration showed that the items' psychometric properties were satisfactory with good coverage of the sleep-wake construct. As for DIF, both the Sleep Disturbance and Wake Disturbance banks proved to be homogeneous for the different test groups. In conclusion, the version in Brazilian Portuguese for the item banks on Sleep Disturbance and Wake Disturbance in the PROMIS proved to be a reliable, precise, and valid instrument with robust psychometric analyses.