Journal of internal medicine
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The kidneys, by equilibrating the outputs to the inputs, are essential for maintaining the constant volume, pH, and electrolyte composition of the internal milieu. Inability to do so, either because of internal kidney dysfunction (primary alteration) or because of some external factors (secondary alteration), leads to pathologies of varying severity, leading to modification of these parameters and affecting the functions of other organs. ⋯ In parallel, studies on specific transporters (H+ -ATPase, anion exchanger 1) in intercalated cells have revealed the mechanisms of related tubulopathies like distal renal distal tubular acidosis or Sjögren syndrome. In this review, we will recapitulate the mechanisms of most of the primary and secondary alteration of the ion transport system of the CD to provide a better understanding of these diseases and highlight how a targeted perturbation may affect many different pathways due to the strong crosstalk and entanglements between the different actors (transporters, cell types).
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Multicenter Study
Prevalence and 24-month recovery of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: A multicenter prospective study.
To investigate the prevalence and recovery of olfactory dysfunction (OD) in COVID-19 patients 24 months after the infection. ⋯ Two years post-COVID-19, 29.8% of patients reported persistent OD, but only 2.9% had abnormal identification psychophysical evaluations.
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The durability of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response and the resulting immunity to COVID-19 is unclear. ⋯ The humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection varies depending on behavioral factors and disease severity, and antibody stability over 15 months was associated with sex and age.
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Numerous approaches are used to characterise multiple long-term conditions (MLTC), including counts and indices. Few studies have compared approaches within the same dataset. We aimed to characterise MLTC using simple approaches, and compare their prevalence estimates of MLTC and associations with emergency hospital admission in the UK Biobank. ⋯ The counts classified a greater proportion as having MLTC than the indices, highlighting that prevalence estimates of MLTC vary depending on the approach. All approaches had strong statistical associations with emergency hospital admission but a modest ability to identify individuals at risk.