Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Oct 2011
Association between cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity and postoperative short-term and long-term cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Our intent was to identify whether cerebrovascular CO(2) reactivity in diabetic patients is a risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. ⋯ We found that impaired cerebrovascular CO(2) reactivity was associated with postoperative short-term cognitive dysfunction in diabetic patients.
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Journal of anesthesia · Oct 2011
Direct assessment of the antioxidant properties of midazolam by electron spin resonance spectroscopy.
Some antioxidant anesthetics directly inhibit lipid peroxidation mediated via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To date, the scavenging effects of midazolam on ROS have not been directly assessed. We investigated the inhibitory effect of midazolam on ROS [hydroxyl radical (HO(·)) and superoxide (O (2) (·-) )] by in vitro X-band electron spin resonance with the spin-trapping agent 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide. Our results indicated that HO(·) and O (2) (·-) were not affected by midazolam at clinically relevant concentrations, but were directly scavenged by midazolam at high concentrations (i.e., >4.6 and >1.5 mM, respectively).
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Journal of anesthesia · Oct 2011
Case ReportsEpidural anesthesia with intravenous dexmedetomidine sedation in the successful anesthetic management of MRI-guided focused ultrasound ablation of early prostatic cancer.
We report on five patients who underwent MRI-guided focused ultrasound ablation of prostatic cancer under epidural anesthesia with intravenous dexmedetomidine sedation. This pioneering procedure requires an immobile therapeutic field with adequate sedation and analgesia provided to the patients. ⋯ In combination with epidural anesthesia, dexmedetomidine was used to provide moderate levels of sedation without causing respiratory depression or hemodynamic instability, and was useful in preventing shivering. The pharmacological properties of dexmedetomidine contribute to make this technique safe and effective.
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Journal of anesthesia · Oct 2011
Fiberoptic-guided tracheal tube placement through the air-Q® Intubating Laryngeal Airway: a performance study in a manikin.
This study characterizes the performance and success rate for fiberoptic-guided tracheal tube placement through the air-Q(®) Intubating Laryngeal Airway (air-Q). ⋯ Fiberoptic-guided tracheal tube placement through the air-Q can be performed in a clinically acceptable period of time with high success by operators skilled in fiberoptic-guided intubation. Tracheal tube dislodgement during air-Q removal remains a potential risk that should be emphasized.
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Journal of anesthesia · Oct 2011
Case ReportsA new modification for safer submental orotracheal intubation.
In patients in whom a tracheal tube cannot be inserted through the nostrils due to multiple facial trauma or hypoplasty of the nose, submental orotracheal intubation (SOI) is performed to avoid tracheostomy. We report a new modification for SOI to minimize the risk of apnea. A 20-year-old man was scheduled for sagittal split ramus osteotomy. ⋯ A second tube that had been confirmed, in advance, to snugly fit into the proximal end of the first tube was passed into the submental tunnel via a polypropylene cylinder and connected between the first tube and the breathing circuit. After careful withdrawal of the second tube through the submental tunnel, the first tube was directly connected to the breathing circuit after removal of the second tube. Although this technique requires additional time, apnea time is minimal even in patients in whom withdrawal of the tracheal tube through the submental tunnel takes time, because the second tube forms a link between the first tube and the breathing circuit, making it possible to ventilate the patient throughout the procedure.