Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2014
Effect of propofol on prostaglandin E2 production and prostaglandin synthase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions in amniotic membrane cells.
Surgery during pregnancy can be a cause of preterm labor or birth, possibly resulting from anesthetic agents or direct effects of surgery. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of propofol on uterine contractility by examining prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and the expression of PGE synthase 2 (PGES2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in amniotic membrane cells. ⋯ This study showed that propofol reduced the production of PGE2 and the expression of COX-2 and PGES2 without affecting cell viability.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2014
The effects of 2-chloroprocaine on coagulation and fibrinolysis in the parturient: an in vitro study.
Amide local anesthetics are known to inhibit coagulation. 2-chloroprocaine is the only ester agent used in obstetric anesthesia. It is used during obstetric emergencies, and also to supplement inadequate epidural block produced by amide local anesthetics. There is no study to date that has evaluated the effect of ester local anesthetics on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in the parturient. ⋯ Amide local anesthetics are known to impair coagulation, but 2-chloroprocaine produced significant fibrinolysis in addition to decreasing coagulation. This is the first study to date to demonstrate fibrinolytic properties of an ester local anesthetic. Further study evaluations are required to determine the cause of the variation in fibrinolysis. There is also a need to address the mechanism of increased fibrinolysis observed with 2-chroloprocaine.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2014
Risk factors related to accidental intravascular injection during caudal anesthesia.
Recently, ultrasound-guided caudal anesthesia has been performed for postoperative pain management after lumbar spine surgery. Although it is well known that intravascular injection often occurs in the caudal part of the spine, and that this cannot be detected at the time of injection under ultrasound screening, the risk factors for intravascular injection have not been evaluated. ⋯ Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that radicular symptoms of the lumbar spine (OR, 2.511, 95% CI, 1.097-5.748) and duration of symptoms (OR, 1.006, 95% CI, 1.002-1.010) were significant and independent risk factors for accidental intravascular injection during sacral epidurography. This study suggests that the incidence of accidental intravascular drug injection during caudal anesthesia would be higher in patients with chronic radicular symptoms of the lumbar spine.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2014
Case ReportsAnesthetic management of pulmonary valve replacement for pulmonary regurgitation in six patients with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot.
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) encountered in CHD patients surviving into adulthood. A number of patients with surgically repaired TOF have significant pulmonary regurgitation (PR) that can lead to right ventricular (RV) dilatation, RV failure, and arrhythmia. We describe the anesthetic management for pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) in six PR patients with surgically repaired TOF. ⋯ Anesthesiologists should be aware of the multiplicity of comorbidities, sequelae, and residua in patients with surgically repaired TOF. RV function should be monitored using transesophageal echocardiography, and inotropic vasodilators and alpha-adrenergic agents should be administered, as appropriate. Arrhythmias, vascular injury during removal of adhesions during re-sternotomy, and bleeding from collateral vessels are also frequent complications.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2014
Condensation of humidified air in the inflation line of a polyurethane cuff precludes correct continuous pressure monitoring during mechanical ventilation.
Within continuously controlled limits of cuff pressure, an endotracheal tube cuff made of polyurethane (PU) prevents secretion inflow better than a conventional polyvinylchloride cuff. However, the temperature difference between ventilator gas and the air inside a PU cuff produces condensation droplets that accumulate in the cuff inflation canal. We investigated whether condensation influenced continuous cuff pressure monitoring. ⋯ In contrast, pressures measured directly in the cuff progressively decreased (mean Pinsp 30 ± 3 vs. 20 ± 2 cmH2O and mean Pexp 25 ± 0 vs. 12 ± 2 cmH2O, T0 vs. T24, both P < 0.05). Thus, condensation in the inflation line of a PU-cuffed tube renders continuous cuff pressure monitoring unreliable, thereby increasing the risk for microaspiration.