Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 2014
Is preoperative period associated with severity and unexpected death of injured patients needing emergency trauma surgery?
Early operative control of hemorrhage is the key to saving the lives of severe trauma patients. We investigated whether emergency room (ER) stay time [time from the ER to the operating room (OR)] is associated with trauma severity and unexpected trauma death [Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) method-based probability of survival (Ps) ≥0.5 but died] of injured patients needing emergency trauma surgery. ⋯ Our results suggest that all medical staff should work together effectively on high-risk patients in the ER, bringing them immediately to the OR according to their level of risk. If injured patients need emergency trauma surgery, ER stay times should be kept as short as possible to reduce unexpected trauma death.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 2014
The impact of pretreatment with bolus dose of enteral glutamine on acute lung injury induced by oleic acid in rats.
Both parenteral and enteral glutamine have shown beneficial effects in sepsis and ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Oleic acid (OA) has been used to induce ALI in experimental studies. In this study, we investigated the effects of pretreatment of a bolus dose of enteral glutamine on ALI induced by OA in rats. ⋯ Pretreatment with a bolus dose of enteral glutamine minimized the extent of ALI induced by OA in rats.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 2014
Comparative StudyTidal volume and airway pressure under percutaneous transtracheal ventilation without a jet ventilator: comparison of high-flow oxygen ventilation and manual ventilation in complete and incomplete upper airway obstruction models.
Percutaneous transtracheal ventilation (PTV) can be life-saving in a cannot ventilate, cannot intubate situation. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of PTV by measuring tidal volumes (VTs) and airway pressure (Paw) in high-flow oxygen ventilation and manual ventilation using a model lung. ⋯ High-flow ventilation tends to result in higher airway pressure despite a smaller VT, which is probably due to a PEEP effect caused by high flow.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 2014
Subanalgesic ketamine enhances morphine-induced antinociceptive activity without cortical dysfunction in rats.
Ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, has been used for the treatment of cancer pain as an analgesic adjuvant to opioids. However, ketamine is known to produce psychotomimetic side effects including cognitive impairments under a high-dose situation, presumably as the result of cortical dysfunction. Here, we investigated whether low-dose ketamine was useful as an analgesic adjuvant to morphine for pain control, focusing on frontocortical function. ⋯ The present results indicate that the morphine-induced analgesic effect is enhanced by a concomitant subanalgesic dose of ketamine without affecting cortical function. Our findings possibly support the clinical notion that low-dose ketamine as an analgesic adjuvant has therapeutic potential to reduce opioid dosage, thereby improving the quality of life in cancer pain patients.