Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Oct 2016
Intravenous loading of nitroglycerin during rewarming of cardiopulmonary bypass improves metabolic homeostasis in cardiac surgery: a retrospective analysis.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of high-dose nitroglycerine (NTG) on glucose metabolism, tissue oxygenation and postoperative recovery in cardiac surgical patients. ⋯ Intravenous loading of NTG during and after CPB is safe and effective for attenuating the hyperglycemic response and reduce the incidence of hyperlactatemia during cardiac surgery with CPB.
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Journal of anesthesia · Oct 2016
Roles of endotracheal tubes and slip joints in respiratory pressure loss: a laboratory study.
The endotracheal tube (ETT) constitutes a significant component of total airway resistance. However, a discrepancy between measured and theoretical values has been reported in airway resistance through ETTs. The causes of the discrepancy were estimated by physical and rheological simulations. ⋯ Especially in small sized tubes, the pressure loss through the slip joint accounts for a large percentage of the total pressure loss through the ETT. The pressure loss through the slip joint may play a role in the discrepancy between measured and theoretical pressure losses through ETTs.
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Journal of anesthesia · Oct 2016
Heightened stress response and cognitive impairment after repeated neonatal sevoflurane exposures might be linked to excessive GABAAR-mediated depolarization.
Children with repeated exposures to anesthesia at an early age are at an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Data in the literature link increased developmental depolarizing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor (GABAAR) at younger age to neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we investigated the involvement of GABAergic signaling during development in mediating the adverse effects of repeated sevoflurane exposures. ⋯ These data suggested that the heightened stress response and cognitive impairment after repeated neonatal sevoflurane exposures might be linked to excessive GABAAR-mediated depolarization.
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Journal of anesthesia · Oct 2016
Dexmedetomidine protects against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
To evaluate the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway in the protection by dexmedetomidine against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats. ⋯ Administration of dexmedetomidine before ischemia can provide a protection against lung IRI by re-installing the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway.