Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2021
ReviewPredicting cardiac risk in noncardiac surgery: a narrative review.
Risk stratification endeavors to categorize patients into groups based on the level of risk for each group. Improved perioperative screening tests using more sensitive cardiac biomarkers have revealed that about 68% of perioperative myocardial infarctions (MI) are asymptomatic and may only be detected by routine postoperative screening with troponin measurements. This is important since myocardial injury not meeting criteria for myocardial infarction is associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality (Botto et al. in Anesthesiology 120:564-578, 2014). ⋯ Incorporating serum biomarkers into updated clinical risk indices is likely to improve their performance. Further studies are needed to determine appropriate clinical interventions to treat isolated elevations in cardiac troponin levels and further mitigate the increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this review is to summarize the current literature on the clinical diagnoses of perioperative myocardial injury in the setting of noncardiac surgery.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2021
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block on postoperative analgesia and plasma cytokine levels after uniportal VATS: a prospective randomized controlled trial.
Although uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been widely used, the associated postoperative pain is still severe. Currently, a variety of regional anesthesia methods have been used to relieve postoperative pain. In our study, we wanted to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) as a postoperative analgesia after uniportal VATS. ⋯ Ultrasound-guided ESPB decreased the consumption of sufentanil both postoperatively and intraoperatively for patients undergoing uniportal VATS and appeared to be an effective treatment option.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2021
Multicenter Study Observational StudyDrug-induced anaphylaxis during general anesthesia in 14 tertiary hospitals in Japan: a retrospective, multicenter, observational study.
Since perioperative anaphylaxis occurs suddenly, and it can be life-threatening, anesthesiologists need to have sufficient knowledge of the epidemiology of perioperative anaphylaxis and appropriate coping strategies to deal with it. Recent studies conducted in Western countries reported the characteristics of perioperative anaphylaxis in each country. However, there are few studies of perioperative anaphylaxis in Japan. ⋯ Time from drug administration to appearance of the first symptom was the longest in the cefazolin group. The incidence of canceled operation was the highest in the rocuronium group. Although it is unclear whether the results of this study can apply to Japan as a whole, the information about the agents responsible for perioperative anaphylaxis and the characteristics of anaphylaxis due to each agent would be helpful to anesthesiologists.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2021
Anatomical basis of erector spinae plane block: a dissection and histotopographic pilot study.
Erector spinae plane (ESP) block is an interfascial blockade used in different clinical scenarios. This study investigated the ventral extent of dye diffusion in ESP block. ⋯ The anterior pathway of dye diffusion from the site of injection within the erector spinae muscle group during an ESP block seems to follow the blood vessels and dorsal rami of spinal nerves, suggesting the passing through the costotransverse foramen to reach the anterior paravertebral space and the intercostal nerves. These findings display an anterior histotopographic diffusion of dye resembling a paravertebral block.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2021
Suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block: an ultrasound and cadaveric study to identify correct sonoanatomical landmarks.
PURPOSE: Suprazygomatic maxillary nerve blocks (SMB) are used in adult and pediatric patients to provide analgesia for midface surgery and chronic maxillofacial pain syndromes. The ultrasound-guided SMB technique ensures visualisation of the needle tip, avoidance of the maxillary artery and confirmation of local anesthetic spread. The goal of this study was to correctly identify SMB sonoanatomical landmarks to ensure the nerve block is performed safely and effectively. ⋯ An improved understanding of the sonoanatomy will aid clinicians who are learning, performing and teaching the ultrasound-guided suprazygomatic approach to the maxillary nerve block.