Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2025
Comparative Study Observational StudyRisk of postoperative pneumonia after extubation with the positive pressure versus normal pressure technique: a single-center retrospective observational study.
A normal pressure extubation technique (no lung inflation before extubation), proposed by the Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists to prevent droplet infection during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, could theoretically increase postoperative pneumonia incidence compared with a positive pressure extubation technique (lung inflation before extubation). However, the normal pressure extubation technique has not been adequately evaluated. This study compared postoperative pneumonia incidence between positive and normal pressure extubation techniques using a dataset from the University of Tsukuba Hospital. ⋯ Clinical trial number: UMIN000048589 https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000055364.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2025
Effect of use of cuffed endotracheal tubes on the occurrence of postoperative extubation-related respiratory adverse events in pediatric patients with airway hypersensitivity: a retrospective cohort study.
Whether endotracheal tube (ETT) configuration (cuffed or uncuffed) influences the occurrence of respiratory adverse events (RAEs) in patients at risk remains largely unknown. We investigated the effects of cuffed ETTs on RAE occurrence after extubation in pediatric patients with airway hypersensitivity. ⋯ In pediatric patients with airway hypersensitivity, the use of cuffed ETTs did not increase the occurrence of RAEs or respiratory interventions after extubation.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2025
The effects of frailty on opioid consumption after total knee arthroplasty.
This study evaluated the effects of frailty on postoperative opioid consumption in elderly patients. ⋯ Our study results indicate that frailty, easily assessed preoperatively in elderly surgical patients, is a significant predictor of postoperative opioid consumption.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2025
Impact of low-dose sevoflurane with propofol-based anesthesia on motor-evoked potentials in infants: a single-arm crossover pilot study.
The influence of anesthetic interactions on motor-evoked potentials in infants has rarely been reported. In infants, adding a small dose of sevoflurane to propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia is reasonable for reducing propofol administration. We collected preliminary data regarding the effect of low-dose sevoflurane in propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia on motor-evoked potentials in infants. ⋯ Adding even 0.1-0.15 age-adjusted minimum alveolar concentration sevoflurane to propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia attenuated the motor-evoked potential amplitudes in the lower extremities. A further prospective interventional study with an appropriate sample size is required to investigate the study hypothesis.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2025
Investigation of the effectiveness of preoperative intubation simulation using a custom-made simulator for pediatric patients with difficult airway: a pilot study.
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether preoperative intubation simulation using custom-made simulator is useful during anesthesia induction for the children who have difficult airway. We included the children under 15 years of age who have difficult airway which had been already known. Prior to the scheduled surgery, CT imaging was performed and a 3D reconstruction of the face from the chest was performed. ⋯ Simulation findings correlated well with findings during anesthesia induction. There were no cases of severe hypotension or hypoxia during induction of anesthesia with the planned intubation method. In conclusion, preoperative intubation simulation using custom-made simulator may be useful for the patients who have difficult airway.