Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyA prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of palonosetron in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting over a 72-h period.
We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial to assess the efficacy and safety of a single, fixed, intravenous dose of palonosetron (0.075 mg) in the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). ⋯ A single 0.075 mg IV dose of palonosetron effectively increased the CR rates at 24 and 72 h in these moderate-risk patients with established PONV.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of the hemodynamic effects of nitroprusside and remifentanil for controlled hypotension during endoscopic sinus surgery.
Controlled hypotension (CH) is a well-established technique to decrease blood loss and improve surgical visibility. Although nitroprusside and remifentanil have been safely and effectively used for this purpose, the hemodynamic changes that occur during CH are unclear. This study compared the effects of nitroprusside and remifentanil on hemodynamics using a noninvasive cardiac output monitor (Cheetah NICOM(®); Cheetah Medical Inc., Maidenhead, Berkshire, UK) for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). ⋯ Both nitroprusside and remifentanil were effective to induce CH and maintain CI during CH.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialIntravenous dezocine pretreatment reduces the incidence and intensity of myoclonus induced by etomidate.
To evaluate the suppressive effect of intravenous dezocine on the incidence and severity of myoclonic movements induced by etomidate, a total of 80 patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II, were randomized into two equally sized groups (n = 40). These two groups were assigned to give either intravenous dezocine 0.1 mg/kg or a matching placebo (equal volume of 0.9% saline) 30 s before administration of etomidate. ⋯ Pretreatment with dezocine significantly reduced both the incidence and intensity of myoclonus. These results demonstrate that intravenous dezocine 0.1 mg/kg 30 s prior to induction was effective in suppressing myoclonic movements in our patients.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyPretreatment with remifentanil, fentanyl, or lidocaine to prevent withdrawal after rocuronium using venous occlusion technique in children and adolescents: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study.
Pain caused by intravenous injection of the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide is common in children and adolescents. The cause of this unwanted effect is still unclear, and different pretreatment drugs have been administered in attempts to alleviate this side effect, with varying degrees of success. ⋯ Using a venous occlusion technique for 60 s, lidocaine was found to be most effective in preventing the withdrawal effect caused by rocuronium injection in children and adolescents. Lidocaine was superior to remifentanil which, in turn, was more effective than fentanyl.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of pre-warmed intravenous fluids on perioperative hypothermia and shivering after ambulatory surgery under monitored anesthesia care.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pre-warmed (approximately 41 °C) intravenous fluids (IV) on perioperative hypothermia and postoperative shivering in female patients undergoing short, ambulatory urological surgery under monitored anesthesia care (MAC). ⋯ Infusion of pre-warmed IV fluid improved the postoperative recovery profile by decreasing hypothermia and shivering in female patients undergoing short, ambulatory urological surgery under MAC.