Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1995
Effects of morphine on visceral nociception evoked by colorectal distension in rats: comparative examinations of electrophysiological and behavioral responses.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of intravenously administered morphine on electrophysiological and behavioral responses to colorectal distension (CRD) and to examine the influence of noxious stimuli applied to another part of the body (a laminectomy) on the visceromotor response to CRD. The effects of morphine (0.1-6.4 mg·kg-1) were examined in rate anesthetized with pentobarbital. Electrophysiological (n=16) and behavioral experiments (n=47) were done. ⋯ When morphine was administered, the visceromotor thresholds in both groups increased to a similar level. Behavioral and neurophysiological responses to CRD were suppressed in a similar fashion by morphine. Although laminectomy affected the threshold values of CRD for visceromotor responses, the laminectomy per se plays an insignificant role when adequate morphine is administered.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1995
Effect of glucose concentration on the subarachnoid spread of tetracaine in the parturient.
We have studied the effect of glucose concentration on the spread of tetracaine spinal anesthesia in 40 parturient patients. Forty women undergoing cesarean section received a subarachnoid injection of tetracaine 8 mg dissolved in either 5% or 10% glucose solution. ⋯ The cumulative dose of ephedrine was higher with 10% glucose (19 ± 10 mg) than with the 5% glucose (13± 8 mg). In tetracaine spinal anesthesia, the rate of onset of analgesia was faster and the maximum level of analgesia was higher in the 10% glucose solution than in the 5% glucose solution.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1995
Endocrine responses to total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl, and ketamine in cardiac patients.
Ketamine-induced sympathetic stimulation can be inhibited by administration of sedatives such as benzodiazepines, droperidol, or opioids. We have developed total intravenous anesthesia with ketamine in combination with droperidol and fentanyl (DFK) and have used this anesthetic method in more than 4000 surgical cases. In this study, we compared DFK in cardiac surgery with isoflurane-fentanyl anesthesia (AOI-F). ⋯ All hormones were significantly elevated after the end of cardiopulmonary bypass. There were no significant differences in any of the hormones, blood pressure, and heart rate measured at different points in both groups. These results showed that DFK anesthesia as a total intravenous anesthesia deserves to be studied in more depth.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1995
Pendelluft is not the major contributor to respiratory insufficiency in dogs with flail chest: a mathematical analysis.
"Pendelluft", or out-of-phase movement of the airway gas between the intact and flait-chest-side lungs has long been believed to be the major contributor to respiratory dysfunction in patients with flail chest. However, conflicting findings have also been reported mainly from animal studies. The aim of this study was to provide a mathematical projection on this classical problem. ⋯ A mathematical model implementing flail chest was fitted toZRS. The fitted results were used in simulating the mechanical behavior of a respiratory system with flail chest during spontaneous breathing. Our results suggest that the paradoxical movement of breathing between the flail segment and the intact chest wall does not create substantial pendelluft and that alveolar hypoventilation is created by the wasting movement of the flail segment which interferes with effective thoracic expansion.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1995
Leukocytosis after fluid loading and induction of epidural anesthesia.
The present study shows that leukocytosis occurs from fluid loading and from the small amounts of adrenaline given epidurally. Five healthy volunteers received an intravenous infusion of 25 ml·kg-1 b.w. of Ringer's acetate solution over 15, 30, 45, and 80 min, and epidural anesthesia (EDA) was induced in 25 urology patients using mepivacaine 2% with or without adrenaline 1∶200 000. In the volunteers, we found that the total leukocyte count increased by up to 33% within 1 h after rapid volume loading. ⋯ In the patients, the leukocyte count increased by 32% during the onset of EDA when mepivacaine with adrenaline was used. This increase was accounted for by lymphocytes. Our results suggest that caution is needed when interpreting the importance of a raised leukocyte count in samples taken in association with fluid loading and also when EDA is induced by a local anesthestic solution that contains adrenaline.