Annals of medicine
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Studying post-vaccination side effects and identifying the reasons behind low vaccine uptake are pivotal for overcoming the pandemic. ⋯ Our study revealed that most side effects reported were mild in severity and self-limiting. Increasing the public's awareness of the nature of the vaccine's side effects would reduce the misinformation and improve the public's trust in vaccines. Larger studies to evaluate rare and serious adverse events and long-term side effects are needed, so people can have sufficient information and understanding before making an informed consent which is essential for vaccination.
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Background: Earlier studies on the use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) for premature infants born at <34 weeks of gestation requiring respiratory support did not provide conclusive evidence of benefit. National guidelines generally discouraged the use in this population. More recent national guidelines endorsed the use of iNO in premature infants with hypoxic respiratory failure (HRF) associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). ⋯ Questions remain regarding the optimum dose of iNO and the duration of the initial iNO trial in these patients. KEY MESSAGESIn the most recently published studies, the improvement of oxygenation in iNO-treated infants born at <34 weeks of gestation with HRF and PPHN physiology was as effective as in infants born ≥34 weeks. These studies provide evidence supporting a trial of iNO in the subpopulation of premature infants with HRF associated with PPHN.
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Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monitoring facilitates the detection of recurrence in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) after resection. False-positive CEA has been reported in CRC patients with certain comorbidities or smokers. However, limited information is currently available on the frequency of and changes in falsely elevated CEA levels in patients without these conditions. ⋯ Unexplained CEA elevations were observed in 20% of recurrence-free CRC patients after surgery, and were classified into three patterns based on longitudinal changes. A more detailed understanding of patient-specific fluctuations in CEA will prevent unnecessary imaging studies and reduce medical costs.
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Liver cirrhosis is a significant yet largely preventable and underappreciated cause of global health loss. This study aimed to profile the global and regional burdens of liver cirrhosis between 2010 and 2019 and the contributions of various aetiologies. ⋯ Albeit the global burden of cirrhosis incidence increased from 2010 to 2019, cirrhosis-associated deaths and DALYs declined significantly. Notably, NAFLD exhibited the most significant increase as a contributor to cirrhosis worldwide.
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Background: Brucellosis is a pervasive zoonotic disease caused by various Brucella species. It mainly affects livestock and wildlife and poses significant public health threats, especially in regions with suboptimal hygiene, food safety, and veterinary care standards. Human contractions occur by consuming contaminated animal products or interacting with infected animals. ⋯ Conclusions: In conclusion, brucellosis is a significant zoonotic disease with implications for public health. Efforts should be directed towards improved diagnostic methods, antibiotic stewardship to combat antibiotic resistance, and developing and implementing effective animal vaccination programs. Interdisciplinary collaboration and ongoing research are crucial for addressing the global health implications of brucellosis.