Annals of medicine
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Human error estimating food intake is a major source of bias in nutrition research. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods may reduce bias, but the overall accuracy of AI estimates is unknown. This study was a systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles comparing fully automated AI-based (e.g. deep learning) methods of dietary assessment from digital images to human assessors and ground truth (e.g. doubly labelled water). ⋯ Relative errors for volume and calorie estimations suggest that AI methods align with - and have the potential to exceed - accuracy of human estimations. However, variability in food image databases and results reported prevented meta-analytic synthesis. The field can advance by testing AI architectures on a limited number of large-scale food image and nutrition databases that the field determines to be adequate for training and testing and by reporting accuracy of at least absolute and relative error for volume or calorie estimations.
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The vascular and morphological features of tumors are important predictors of the nature, grade, and stage of various cancers. However, this association has not been tested in bladder cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between the morphological characteristics of tumor vessels and the nature, stage and grade of bladder cancer. ⋯ Reticular vessels were an independent risk factor for high-grade bladder cancer. Thick branching vessels in bladder tumors, along with a wide base, were independent risk factors for the invasion of bladder cancer into the lamina propria. Primary diagnosis, lesion location (beside the left ureteral orifice) and obscure lesion boundaries were all identified as independent risk factors for muscle invasive bladder cancer.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Regional versus systemic dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to lidocaine for intravenous regional anaesthesia in healthy volunteers: a randomized crossover study.
Dexmedetomidine enhances the quality and duration of lidocaine intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA). However, the two administration routes have not been directly compared regarding effects on tourniquet tolerance time with lidocaine IVRA. Additionally, it remains unclear whether the prolonged tourniquet tolerance stems from the direct peripheral action of dexmedetomidine or indirect systemic analgesic effects. ⋯ The addition of regional dexmedetomidine to lidocaine prolonged tourniquet tolerance time in forearm IVRA to a greater extent compared to systemic dexmedetomidine in healthy volunteers.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparison of a single session of tDCS on cerebellum vs. motor cortex in stroke patients: a randomized sham-controlled trial.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a single session of trans-cranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the cerebellum and M1 has any advantages over one another or sham stimulation in terms of balance, gait and lower limb function. ⋯ In addition to Xbox Kinect-based rehabilitation training, a single session of anodal tDCS to the M1 or cerebellum may be beneficial for improving lower limb function, balance and gait performance.
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We conducted this umbrella review to review the current evidence on the relationship between COVID-19 and sexual health in both men and women. ⋯ Our findings highlight the importance of sexual health among COVID-19 patients and people affected due to COVID-19. Further critical studies should investigate the mechanism underlying the association between COVID-19 and sexual health.