Annals of medicine
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Review
Role of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain in human health and chronic diseases.
Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is a highly potent and multifunctional suppressor of various types of programmed cell death (PCD) (e.g. apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis) and plays a key role in determining cell fate. Under physiological conditions, ARC is predominantly expressed in terminally differentiated cells, such as cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle cells. Its expression and activity are tightly controlled by a complicated system consisting of transcription factor (TF), non-coding RNA (ncRNA), and post-translational modification (PTM). ⋯ In this review, we mainly focus on the regulatory mechanisms of ARC expression and activity and its role in PCD. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms of ARC in health and disease and highlight the potential implications of ARC in the clinical treatment of patients with chronic diseases. This information may assist in developing ARC-based therapeutic strategies for patients with chronic diseases and expand researchers' understanding of ARC.
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Meta Analysis
A meta-analysis of the prognostic significance of CDKN deletions in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) are both types of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), which is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow characterized by the rapid proliferation of immature lymphocytes. In ALL, CDKN gene deletions have been extensively studied regarding their prognostic significance. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to determine whether there is a consistent relationship between CDKN gene variations and the incidence of lymphocytic leukaemia. ⋯ Our meta-analysis revealed that CDKN gene deletions (including CDKN 2A/B, CDKN 2A) serve as adverse prognostic indicators for T-ALL/B-ALL patients.
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is the cause of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children and adolescents, with the clinical manifestations highlighted by intermittent irritating cough, accompanied by headache, fever and muscle pain. This paper aimed to study the research status and focal points in MP infection, especially the common laboratory diagnostic methods and clinical treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Laboratory diagnostic methods include molecular assay, serological antibody detection, rapid antigen detection and isolation and culture. ⋯ Tetracycline can be substituted but was not recommended for children under 8 years of age, quinolone drugs are not necessary, severe MPP can be combined with glucocorticoids, involving the nervous or immune system can choose gamma globulin. Other treatments for MPP including symptomatic treatment which can alleviate symptoms, improve lung function and improve prognosis. A safe and effective vaccine needed to be developed which can provide protective immunity to children and will reduce the incidence of MPP.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Despite a large number of studies, the current prognosis of ALS is still not ideal. This article briefly describes the clinical features including epidemiology, genetic structure and clinical manifestations, as well as the progress of new diagnostic criteria and treatment of ALS. Meanwhile, we also discussed further both developments and improvements to enhance understanding and accelerating the introduction of the effective treatments of ALS.
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Review
Pathological mechanisms and related markers of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a refractory orthopedic disease with a high disability rate. Long-term administration of steroids is the most common pathogenic factor for non-traumatic ONFH. Early diagnosis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is difficult and mainly depends on imaging. ⋯ The pathological mechanisms of SONFH are complex. The related markers mentioned in the current review can predict the occurrence and progression of SONFH, which will help provide effective early clinical prevention and treatment strategies for SONFH.