Annals of medicine
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Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic clusters of immune cells found in non-lymphoid tissues, particularly within the tumor microenvironment (TME). These structures resemble secondary lymphoid organs and have been identified in various solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC), where they are associated with favorable prognosis. The role of TLS in modulating the immune response within the TME and their impact on cancer prognosis has garnered increasing attention in recent years. ⋯ TLS represent a significant prognostic marker in CRC, with their presence correlating with favorable clinical outcomes. Ongoing research is required to fully understand the mechanisms by which TLS modulate the immune response within the TME and to develop effective therapies that harness their potential. The integration of TLS-focused strategies in CRC treatment could lead to improved patient management and outcomes.
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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are identified as a novel family of endogenous RNA molecules through 'back-splicing' and covalently linked at the 5' and 3' ends. Emerging researches have demonstrated circRNAs are stable and abundant in exosomes called exosomal circRNAs (exo-circRNA). ⋯ We summarize the update of digestive malignancies associated exo-circRNAs in biogenesis, biological functions, molecular mechanisms, clinical implications, potential applications and experimental technique in order to effectively promote transformation and application in the future.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an increasingly recognized endocrine disorder. The pathogenesis is not fully known. Polycystic ovary syndrome is still difficult to diagnose correctly, despite simple diagnostic criteria. ⋯ Appropriate diet, physical activity - lifestyle changes are crucial in the treatment of PCOS. Supplementation and pharmaceuticals support treatment. It is mandatory to examine these environmental and lifestyle factors as they not only contribute to the occurrence of the disease but also influence its progression.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) remains a significant public health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Emerging research has identified eosinophilic inflammation as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of COPD, warranting a detailed exploration of its underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications. ⋯ Understanding eosinophilic involvement in COPD can facilitate the development of precision medicine approaches, offering more tailored and effective treatment options. Future research should continue to focus on the integration of eosinophil biomarkers in clinical practice to enhance therapeutic decisions and management strategies for COPD patients.
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Over the past two decades, the use of Metaverse-enhanced simulations in medical education has witnessed significant advancement. These simulations offer immersive environments and technologies, such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence that have the potential to revolutionize medical training by providing realistic, hands-on experiences in diagnosing and treating patients, practicing surgical procedures, and enhancing clinical decision-making skills. This scoping review aimed to examine the evolution of simulation technology and the emergence of metaverse applications in medical professionals' training, guided by Friedman's three dimensions in medical education: physical space, time, and content, along with an additional dimension of assessment. ⋯ Our study provides an updated perspective on the achievements and limitations of using simulation to transform medical education, offering insights that can inform development priorities and research directions for human-centered, ethical metaverse applications that enhance healthcare professional training.