Urology
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Nocturia is a bothersome, multifactorial condition with many underlying causes and contributing factors. Nocturnal polyuria (NP; overproduction of urine at night) is a frequent component. The prevalence of nocturia increases with age; specific estimates of prevalence are influenced by frequency thresholds used to define it. ⋯ Despite its associated bother, nocturia is often accepted as a natural consequence of aging and many people do not seek help. Women, in particular, may be reluctant to report nocturia. This article reviews the prevalence of nocturia, possible impact on sleep, mortality and morbidity, and falls, and its importance in the elderly/frail population and women.
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To review the robustness of hydronephrosis literature with the application of fragility index (FI) and fragility quotient (FQ) calculations. ⋯ Nearly half of studies in hydronephrosis literature reporting significant results are extremely fragile, requiring addition of only a couple of events in 1 treatment arm to significantly modify the results. As such, objective reporting of robustness of results should include FI and FQ which may help diminish over-reliance on P values as the main indicator of clinical significance in comparative studies.