Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
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Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. · Oct 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialMidazolam does not influence intravenous fentanyl-induced analgesia in healthy volunteers.
The effects of saline and intravenous midazolam (0.5, 1, and 2 mg per 70 kg) in combination with intravenous fentanyl (0.1 mg/70 kg) were examined on pain induced by a cold pressor test. Healthy volunteers (six females, six males) were enrolled in a prospective, double-blind, randomized, crossover trial in which mood and psychomotor performance were also examined. Five minutes and 135 min postinjection subjects immersed their forearm in ice cold water for 3 min while assessments of pain were recorded. ⋯ During the second immersion (approximately 2.5 h postinjection) pain ratings did not differ between the drug and saline conditions. Mood-altering and psychomotor-impairing effects of the drug combination were dose related. We conclude that midazolam at the doses and route of administration tested neither potentiates nor decreases the analgesia produced by fentanyl in a cold-pressor pain assay.
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Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. · Jun 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialLack of acute tolerance development to the subjective, cognitive, and psychomotor effects of nitrous oxide in healthy volunteers.
A crossover, double-blind trial was conducted using eleven healthy volunteers to determine whether and the degree to which acute drug tolerance occurred to the subjective, cognitive, and psychomotor effects of a range of subanesthetic nitrous oxide doses (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%). There was little evidence of acute drug tolerance to the subjective measures or to the cognitive/psychomotor impairing effects of nitrous oxide at any of the concentrations tested over the course of the 120-min inhalation.
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Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. · Nov 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffects of naloxone on the subjective and psychomotor effects of nitrous oxide in humans.
The effects of naloxone on the mood-altering and psychomotor-impairing effects of nitrous oxide were examined in two studies. Each of the double-blind, randomized trials tested effects of three doses of naloxone or saline placebo during inhalation of 30% nitrous oxide in oxygen or 100% oxygen placebo. ⋯ Naloxone had no effects by itself in either experiment, and, for the most part, did not significantly interact with nitrous oxide-induced changes in mood or psychomotor performance. Naloxone, in doses of 10 mg or less, does not appear to affect the subjective and psychomotor effects of nitrous oxide.