Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
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Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. · Jul 2020
Randomized Controlled TrialAcute and residual mood and cognitive performance of young adults following smoked cannabis.
To examine acute and residual mood and cognitive performance in young adult regular cannabis users following smoked cannabis. ⋯ Under the present experimental conditions, in young regular cannabis users, smoking cannabis ad libitum had significant effects on mood, some of which persisted 24 h later, yet minimal effects on cognition, and no evidence of residual cognitive impairment.
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Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. · Sep 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialAcute separate and combined effects of cannabinoid and nicotinic receptor agonists on MMN-indexed auditory deviance detection in healthy humans.
The high prevalence of concomitant cannabis and nicotine use has implications for sensory and cognitive processing. While nicotine tends to enhance function in these domains, cannabis use has been associated with both sensory and cognitive impairments, though the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Additionally, the interaction of the nicotinic (nAChR) and cannabinoid (CB1) receptor systems has received limited study in terms of sensory/cognitive processes. ⋯ At the temporal regions (mastoid sites), MMN was reduced by nabilone and nicotine separately, whereas co-administration resulted in no impairment. At the frontal region, MMN was enhanced by co-administration of nicotine and nabilone, with no MMN effects being found with separate treatment. These neural effects have relevance for sensory/cognitive processes influenced by separate and simultaneous use of cannabis and tobacco and may have treatment implications for disorders associated with sensory dysfunction and impairments in endocannabinoid and nicotinic cholinergic neurotransmission.
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Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. · Jul 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialBaseline-dependent modulating effects of nicotine on voluntary and involuntary attention measured with brain event-related P3 potentials.
Cholinergic stimulation produces cognitive effects that vary across individuals, and stimulus/task conditions. As of yet, the role of individual differences in moderating the effects of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist nicotine on specific attentional functions and their neural and behavioral correlates is not fully understood. ⋯ Exhibiting an inverted-U nicotine response profile, target P3b and standard N1 amplitudes were increased and decreased in participants with low and high baseline amplitudes, respectively. In all, the findings corroborate the involvement of nicotinic mechanisms in attention, generally acting to increase attentional capacity in relatively low attentional functioning (reduced baseline ERPs) individuals, while having negative or detrimental effects in those with medium/high attentional levels (increased baseline ERPs), and in a manner that is differentially expressed during bottom-up (involuntary) attentional capture and top-down (voluntary) attentional allocation.
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Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. · Jan 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialSubjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of pregabalin alone and in combination with oxycodone in healthy volunteers.
Pregabalin is an anticonvulsant drug indicated for neuropathic disorders and fibromyalgia. Some chronic pain patients suffering from these disorders take both this drug and an opioid for pain relief. Pregabalin is a scheduled drug under the Controlled Substances Act. ⋯ When 75 mg pregabalin was combined with oxycodone some subjective effects were altered relative to placebo, in contrast to when each drug was tested alone. Liking of oxycodone was not increased by 75 mg pregabalin. However, recent studies have suggested that this drug is abused, and we would recommend that further psychopharmacological studies with pregabalin are warranted, including a study assessing its abuse liability across a range of doses in sedative abusers.
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Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. · Mar 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialThe safety of modafinil in combination with oral ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans.
Marijuana (cannabis) is the most widely used illicit substance globally, and cannabis use is associated with a range of adverse consequences. Currently, no medications have been proven to be effective for the treatment of cannabis addiction. The goals of this study were to examine the safety and efficacy of a potential treatment medication, modafinil, in combination with oral ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). ⋯ Modafinil alone increased the Profiles of Mood States (POMS) subscales of vigor and tension. These findings support the safety of modafinil in combination with THC. The effects of modafinil in combination with a range of doses of THC need to be determined in future studies.