Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society
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While researchers have studied Hmong patients with limited English proficiency in pain communication, no research has examined primary care providers' (PCPs') interpretation of Hmong pain communication. This study examines PCPs' pain communication experience with Hmong patients. ⋯ The findings suggest that challenges are present in achieving effective pain communication between Hmong patients and their PCPs. Ineffective pain communication hinders the delivery of culturally congruent health care for Hmong patients.