European journal of internal medicine
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Eur. J. Intern. Med. · May 2019
Meta AnalysisIron supplementation for restless legs syndrome - A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Iron supplementation, is recommended for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS). We gathered evidence for the efficacy and safety of iron supplementation for RLS. ⋯ Iron supplementation is associated with improvement of the IRLSS score. Our meta-analysis supports the use of iron, oral or IV, as effective therapy for patients with RLS. Further studies should assess subgroups of patients most likely to benefit from iron supplementation.
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Eur. J. Intern. Med. · May 2019
ReviewEuropean and US guidelines for arterial hypertension: similarities and differences.
Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in adults and a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Recently, new Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hypertension have been released in Europe and in the United States, with changes regarding how to diagnose and treat the condition, and the extent to which intensive blood pressure control should be pursued. Important differences between the Guidelines exist in the classification of blood pressure levels and definition of treatment goals. ⋯ Such discrepancies can indeed have an impact on treatment attitudes and outcome incidence. Hence, we appraised facts in favor and against each of these controversial issues. In conclusion we believe that, instead of fixing rigid BP targets and boundaries, modern hypertension management should be aimed to achieve in each patient an optimal balance between intensive BP reduction and treatment safety.
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Euglycemic DKA (eu-DKA) is a life-threatening emergency. It may occur in patients with both type 1 and type 2 DM, and characterized by milder degrees of hyperglycemia with blood glucose level < 200 mg/dl, which can result in delayed diagnosis and treatment with potential for adverse metabolic consequences. Following the wide introduction of the sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in therapeutic practice for DM type 2 treatment the amount of eu-DKA increased and therefore, interest to this entity rose. ⋯ Patients with eu-DKA as well as with DKA need immediate referral for emergency evaluation and treatment. The treatment includes rapid correction of dehydration, correction electrolyte abnormalities, and use of insulin drip until the anion gap, and bicarbonate levels normalize. Increased glucose administration using higher percentages of dextrose (10 or 20%) are required to facilitate the concomitant administration of the relatively large amounts of insulin that are needed to correct the severe acidosis in these patients.