Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1999
Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of ketorolac in children, adolescents and adults.
Previous pharmacokinetic studies on racemic ketorolac using nonstereoselective analytical methods have indicated that the plasma clearance of ketorolac is higher and the volume of distribution greater in children than in adults. The aim of this study was to study the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of racemic ketorolac in children, adolescents and adults. ⋯ On a pharmacokinetic basis, the maintenance dose requirements of ketorolac are similar in children, adolescents and adults.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1999
Case ReportsUltrasonographically guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy after anterior cervical spine fixation.
Patients with anterior cervical spine fixation (ACSF) after acute spinal cord injury often require tracheostomy for prolonged ventilatory support and upper respiratory tract clearance. The authors report two patients with ACSF who underwent a successful ultrasonographically guided percutaneous tracheostomy with dilatation forceps technique. Possible advantages of the ultrasonographically guided method with dilatation forceps in patients with ACSF are discussed.
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Two young healthy non-asthmatic non-smoking patients developed partial laryngospasm directly post-anaesthesia extubation after routine varicocelectomy and perianal abscess drainage operations under general anaesthesia. Nitroglycerin was administered intravenously in a dose of 4 microg/kg for both cases. The laryngospasm was completely relieved within a minute of nitroglycerin administration in both cases and the relief was maintained thereafter. The two cases suggest that nitroglycerin can be effective in the treatment of post-extubation partial laryngospasm in ASA (class I) patients.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1999
Changes in stroke volume cause change in cardiac output in neonates and infants when mean airway pressure is altered.
Based on early studies in the lamb, and in spite of more recent studies in humans, it has been the received opinion that neonates and infants can not change their stroke volume significantly, but are mainly dependent on changes in heart rate, to change cardiac output. To further evaluate the relationship between cardiac output and stroke volume during mechanical ventilation of neonates and infants, we have studied the effects on cardiac output and stroke volume by two different ways of changing mean airway pressure. ⋯ We conclude that neonates and infants are able to regulate cardiac output by changing the stroke volume to a greater extent than presumed, at least when cardiac output is influenced by changes in the mean airway pressure.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1999
Effects of intrathecal morphine, clonidine and baclofen on allodynia after partial sciatic nerve injury in the rat.
Increased response to mechanical or cold stimulation of hind paws was observed in rats with partial sciatic nerve injury as a result of photochemically induced ischemia. The present study examined the effects of intrathecal morphine, clonidine and baclofen on the allodynia-like responses. ⋯ The present data suggest that intrathecal morphine, and to some extent clonidine, but not baclofen, alleviated the abnormal pain-related behaviors in this new rat model of partial peripheral nerve injury. Differences in the pharmacological profile between the present model and other models of peripheral nerve injury are discussed.