Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 2001
Meta AnalysisAn increased body mass index is no risk factor for postoperative nausea and vomiting. A systematic review and results of original data.
An increased Body Mass Index (BMI) is almost always mentioned as a fundamental risk factor for postoperative nausea (PN), vomiting (PV) or both (PONV). However, multivariate analyses were unable to detect any correlation. Therefore, we asked whether an increased BMI is really a risk factor for PONV. ⋯ Systematic search of the literature provides no evidence for a positive relationship. Furthermore, our data confirm that an increased BMI is not a risk factor for PONV. This negative finding is important as focussing on the relevant risk factors is needed to allow for an objective risk assessment of PONV.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialReversal of rocuronium with edrophonium during propofol versus sevoflurane anesthesia.
The use of volatile anesthetics for maintenance of anesthesia can enhance the action of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants and interfere with the reversal of neuromuscular blockade. In this study, we studied the antagonism of rocuronium with edrophonium-atropine during propofol- versus sevoflurane-based anesthesia. ⋯ We conclude that the clinical duration of action after a single dose of rocuronium, 0.6 mg kg(-1) i.v., was similar during both propofol- and sevoflurane-based anesthesia. However, the reversal of rocuronium-induced residual blockade was slower and more variable in the presence of sevoflurane.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 2001
Clinical TrialMonitoring of end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure changes during infrarenal aortic cross-clamping: a non-invasive method to predict unclamping hypotension.
To assess the variations in end-tidal CO2 in response to aortic cross-clamping and the relationship with systolic arterial pressure (SAP) changes induced by unclamping. ⋯ End-tidal CO2 variation monitoring during aortic cross-clamping may provide a reliable and non-invasive method to predict unclamping hypotension. When the aortic clamp was released, systolic hypotension (>20%) occurred in those subjects who had a decrease in end-tidal CO2 greater than 15% during aortic cross-clamping.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 2001
Comparative StudyEffects of different preparations of propofol, diazepam, and etomidate on human neutrophils in vitro.
Intravenous anaesthetics and sedatives can influence polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) functions. Some of the drugs for sedation and anaesthesia have been alternatively dissolved in lipid solutions containing medium (MCT) and/or long chain (LCT) triglycerides. The in vitro effects of two different diazepam (benzyl-alcohol, LCT/MCT), etomidate (propylene-glycol, LCT/MCT), and propofol (LCT, LCT/MCT) preparations on respiratory burst (RB) and phagocytosis of human PMNs were studied. ⋯ The in vitro effects of diazepam, etomidate, and propofol are dependent on the solvent applied. The tested LCT/MCT preparations reduce the inhibitory effects on the bacterial killing capacity of PMNs found after incubation with propyleneglycol, benzyl-alcohol, or LCT preparations, respectively.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 2001
Review Case ReportsNo pain relief from codeine...? An introduction to pharmacogenomics.
Drug treatment remains a mainstay of medicine. In some situations a drug unexpectedly has no effect, or unforeseen serious side effects occur. For the patient this represents a dangerous and potentially life-threatening situation. ⋯ Modern biotechnology would be unthinkable without the aid of computers, and we briefly touch upon the field of bioinformatics. Finally, we give an overview of pharmacogenomics in the narrower sense. The rapidly growing field of pharmacogenomics is going to influence our everyday practice of medicine in the immediate future.