Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Aug 2012
Case ReportsUltrasound-guided block of the axillary nerve: a case series of potential clinical applications.
The specific blocking of the axillary nerve has never been investigated clinically. We present four cases illustrating potential applications of the axillary nerve block in the perioperative setting and discuss possible directions for future research in this area. The axillary nerve blocks were all performed using a newly developed in-plane ultrasound-guided technique. ⋯ The pain score after arthroscopic shoulder surgery in these two patients remained low until termination of the nerve block. In a fourth patient, severe post-operative pain after osteosynthesis of a displaced proximal humerus fracture was almost eliminated after performing an axillary nerve block. These findings warrant larger clinical trials that investigate the pain-mediating role of the axillary nerve in the perioperative setting.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Aug 2012
Effect of lipopolysaccharide, cytokines, and catecholamines on brain natriuretic peptide release from human myocardium.
During sepsis and septic shock, elevated plasma concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) have been reported but may be related to several underlying mechanisms. The aim of the present experimental study was to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), dobutamine (Dobu), epinephrine (Epi), and norepinephrine (Nor) on BNP synthesis by atrial human myocardium in vitro. ⋯ In vitro, LPS, Dobu, Epi, and Nor induced BNP synthesis by human atrial myocardium.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Aug 2012
Effects of propofol with hyperthermia in a rat model of endotoxemic shock.
We aimed to investigate the effects of active mild hyperthermia and the effects of active mild hyperthermia with propofol on mortality and inflammatory responses during endotoxin-induced shock in rats. ⋯ The mortality rates in the present study were extremely high; further hypotension and elevations in plasma pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations after endotoxin injection were not attenuated by mild hyperthermia between 39 °C and 40 °C, but they were attenuated by propofol with mild hyperthermia.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Aug 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyRelationship between positive end-expiratory pressure and internal jugular vein cross-sectional area.
Application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has been used to increase the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the right internal jugular vein (IJV) in order to facilitate catheterisation. We aimed to determine the PEEP level at which the maximum increase of CSA occurred. ⋯ The application of PEEP effectively increases the CSA of the right IJV. The PEEP giving the largest CSA is 12 cm H(2) O.