Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 2013
Ultrasound measurement of subglottic diameter and an empirical formula for proper endotracheal tube fitting in children.
The appropriate endotracheal tube (ETT) size is commonly determined using age-based formula; ETT size determination based on ultrasound (US) measurement of subglottic diameter (SD), the narrowest portion of the paediatric upper airway, may provide a better method for accurate fit. We aimed to validate ETT size determination using US measures of SD before intubation to establish an empirical formula for ETT fitting based on SD and biographic parameters. ⋯ US-measured OD-ETT at SD was in good agreement with the actual OD-ETT, suggesting that US-measured SD helps in choosing the appropriate ETT diameter for children. In children older than 12 months, the equation 'OD (mm) = 0.01 × age (months) + 0.02 × height (cm) + 3.3' may help select the appropriate ETT.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 2013
Sevoflurane causes neuronal apoptosis and adaptability changes of neonatal rats.
Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane can induce neurodegeneration and learning deficits in developing brain. We hypothesised that with the increase in the concentration and duration of sevoflurane, neurodegeneration of neonatal rats aggravates and causes behaviour changes as the rats grow. ⋯ Exposure to 2% sevoflurane causes neuronal apoptosis of neonatal rats, and long-time exposure aggravates that. The adaptability in new environment is transiently decreased when the anaesthesia rats are 5 weeks old.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 2013
Current use of nitrous oxide in public hospitals in Scandinavian countries.
The use of nitrous oxide in modern anaesthesia has been questioned. We surveyed changes in use of nitrous oxide in Scandinavia and its justifications during the last two decades. ⋯ The use of nitrous oxide has decreased in the Scandinavian countries, apparently because many now prefer other agents. Difference in practices between the five countries were unexpected and apparently not justified on anticipated evidence only.