Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Aug 1989
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effect of topically applied anaesthetics (EMLA cream) on thresholds to thermode and argon laser stimulation.
The cold and warmth thresholds to thermode stimulation and the sensory and pain thresholds to argon laser stimulation were determined before and after topical application of EMLA (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics) cream. The sensory threshold to argon laser stimulation and warmth threshold to thermode stimulation are both described in terms of warmth or faint heat. ⋯ The analgetic effect of topically applied lidocaine/prilocaine, evaluated by the cutaneous thermal and pain threshold, is compatible with the idea that topical application of EMLA cream blocks free nerve endings rather than the nerve fibres, and induces a sequence of sensory loss which, in some respects, differs from that typically observed after perineural application of local anaesthetics. The effect of topically applied anaesthetics is influenced by a number of thermodynamical, anatomical, and physiological factors in the skin.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Aug 1989
Effect of sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass on airway pressures and respiratory mechanics during high frequency ventilation.
The airway pressures at ventilatory frequencies of 15, 60, 100, 120 and 150 breaths per minute were measured in eight adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Measurements were made perioperatively at four stages: precardiopulmonary bypass with the chest closed, precardiopulmonary bypass with the chest open, postcardiopulmonary bypass with the chest open and postcardiopulmonary bypass with the chest closed. In five patients thoracic compliance and airways resistance were also measured at these times. Neither sternotomy nor cardiopulmonary bypass made any significant difference to the airway pressures during normal and high frequency ventilation, nor were lung mechanics affected.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Aug 1989
Case ReportsFailure of a heat and moisture exchanger as a cause of disconnection during anaesthesia.
Two cases of ventilator tubing mishaps, resulting from defective heat and moisture exchangers, are described. The report emphasises the need for preoperative inspection of the anaesthetic machine and associated equipment as well as the importance of a disconnect alarm device.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jul 1989
Removal of halogenated anaesthetics from a closed circle system with a charcoal filter.
Halogenated anaesthetics may be removed from a closed circle system by means of a charcoal filter. With this technique dispersion to the atmosphere and a possibly destructive effect of the halogenated volatiles on the protective layer of ozone is avoided. Removal of halothane or isoflurane with a charcoal filter was studied in a closed circle system connected to an artificial lung. ⋯ However, the slopes deviated significantly from the theoretically predicted slopes, possibly because of adsorption to hoses and bags and unequal distribution of the volatiles in the system. Halothane was eliminated more slowly than isoflurane. This study demonstrates that halogenated volatiles are eliminated in an exponential way following charcoal filtration and the rate depends on the ventilation and type of volatile.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jul 1989
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparative clinical study of induction and emergence time in sevoflurane and enflurane anaesthesia.
The induction and emergence times in patients who received minor oral surgery under sevoflurane with nitrous oxide or enflurane with nitrous oxide were compared. The induction time required for the loss of eyelid reflex when using sevoflurane (1.6 +/- 0.2 min) was significantly shorter than that in the enflurane group (2.9 +/- 0.4 min). There was no significant difference in the recovery time in the two groups.