Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Apr 1987
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialHalothane, enflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia for adenoidectomy in children, using two different premedications.
In 48 children subjected to adenoidectomy, comparisons of airway problems, heart rates, cardiac arrhythmias, ventilation and stress hormone reactions were studied during halothane, enflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia. Sixteen children were anaesthetized with either of the three agents and eight patients in each group received diazepam 0.25 mg kg-1 and atropine 0.015 mg kg-1 rectally (DA) as premedication and the remainder diazepam 0.5 mg kg-1, morphine 0.15 mg kg-1 and scopolamine 0.01 mg kg-1 (DMS) rectally. All children were intubated and breathing spontaneously. ⋯ Plasma ACTH and cortisol were similar with all three agents. During induction of anaesthesia in the DA-premedicated halothane group, however, plasma catecholamines were higher than in the group which received DMS, in contrast to the findings during enflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia. The DMS premedication decreased the response of plasma ACTH, cortisol and plasma catecholamines to surgery.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1987
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialThe effect of bupivacaine and morphine on pain and bowel function after colonic surgery.
Sixty patients scheduled for colonic surgery were randomly allocated to four groups according to postoperative pain medication: I. Control group, the patients received oxycodone intramuscularly (0.15 mg kg-1) on request. II. ⋯ Pain intensity (visual analogue scale) was lower in Groups II and III at 3 h and in Group IV at 24 h compared to the control Group I. All the epidurally treated groups needed less additional analgesics than the control Group I. Postoperatively bowel movements occurred on the second day in Group II (bupivacaine) as compared to the fourth day in all other groups (P less than 0.05).
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1987
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPropofol vs thiopentone as anaesthetic agents for short operative procedures.
In a randomized open study, 120 healthy female patients were included. For short gynaecological procedures they were anaesthetized with either propofol 2.5 mg X kg-1 (n = 60) or thiopentone 5 mg X kg-1 (n = 60) in combination with nitrous oxide/oxygen (67%/33%). Supplementary doses of propofol (10-20 mg) or thiopentone (25-50 mg) were given when necessary during the procedure. ⋯ Otherwise, the side-effects were similar in both groups. We conclude that propofol is similar to thiopentone in its anaesthetic qualities during induction and maintenance of short anaesthetic procedures. Propofol was associated with a more rapid emergence from anaesthesia than thiopentone.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1986
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialLow-dose ketamine infusion for analgesia during postoperative ventilator treatment.
In a randomized, double-blind study with placebo, ketamine was used as an analgesic during ventilator treatment in the period of recovery after major abdominal surgery. Forty patients were orally intubated and ventilated by means of a volume-controlled ventilator. Twenty of them received an i.v. bolus of 30 mg of ketamine followed by an 8-h infusion of 1 mg per minute. ⋯ Dreams and hallucinations were recalled in three patients in the control group and five in the ketamine group. Only one control and two ketamine patients experienced these as unpleasant. In this investigation, ketamine infusion in a low dose appeared to offer satisfactory analgesia and to permit tolerance of the orotracheal tube.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 1986
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialAnaesthetic temperature and shivering in epidural anaesthesia.
The mechanism of shivering during epidural analgesia remains unclear. This study investigates the role of the temperature of the local anaesthetic injected extradurally. Forty patients admitted for elective caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia were studied; 20 were given bupivacaine warmed to 37 degrees C (warm group) and 20 were given bupivacaine stored at 4 degrees C (cold group); the occurrence of shivering in both groups was recorded. ⋯ This difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.03). The results suggest that there are thermosensory mechanisms in the human spinal canal. In our view, epidural anaesthetic solutions should be warmed to body temperature prior to injection to reduce the incidence of shivering.