Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe pressor response after laryngeal mask or cuffed oropharyngeal airway insertion.
Since the cuffed oropharyngeal airway (COPA) has been suggested to cause less pharyngeal trauma than the laryngeal mask airway (LMA), we conducted a prospective, randomised study to compare haemodynamic changes after placing either the COPA or LMA in healthy anaesthetised adults. ⋯ In healthy, anaesthetised patients, placing a cuffed oropharyngeal airway is associated with smaller cardiovascular changes after airway insertion compared with the laryngeal mask airway.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialIntraarticular, epidural, and intravenous analgesia after total knee arthroplasty.
After total knee arthroplasty, patients regularly suffer from severe pain. It is unclear whether epidural or systemic pain therapy is superior in terms of postoperative pain relief, patients' comfort and side effects. A new therapeutic approach, intraarticular opioids, has been suggested with the detection of opioid receptors in inflamed tissue. This method has proven suitable for clinical use in small operations (e.g. knee arthroscopy). In this study, we compared epidural analgesia and intraarticular application of morphine plus "on-demand" intravenous analgesia to "on-demand" intravenous analgesia alone. ⋯ Epidural and intravenous analgesia after total knee arthroplasty are equivalent methods of pain relief. In major orthopaedic procedures, application of intraarticular morphine does not reduce analgesic requirements.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effects of two rewarming strategies on heat balance and metabolism after coronary artery bypass surgery with moderate hypothermia.
Postoperative hypothermia is common in cardiac surgery with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This trial was designed to evaluate whether rewarming over the normal bladder temperature (over 37 degrees C) at the end of hypothermic CPB combined with passive heating methods after CPB might result in a better heat balance, lower energy expenditure (EE) and decrease of disturbances in oxygen balance compared to only rewarming the patients to a bladder temperature of 35-37 degrees C. ⋯ With rewarming the patients at the end of CPB to a bladder temperature of over 37 degrees C combined with passive heating methods after CPB, it was possible to decrease EE and VO2 compared to the control group (rewarmed to bladder temperature of 35-37 degrees C) after coronary artery bypass surgery with moderate hypothermia.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1999
Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of ketorolac in children, adolescents and adults.
Previous pharmacokinetic studies on racemic ketorolac using nonstereoselective analytical methods have indicated that the plasma clearance of ketorolac is higher and the volume of distribution greater in children than in adults. The aim of this study was to study the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of racemic ketorolac in children, adolescents and adults. ⋯ On a pharmacokinetic basis, the maintenance dose requirements of ketorolac are similar in children, adolescents and adults.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1999
Case ReportsUltrasonographically guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy after anterior cervical spine fixation.
Patients with anterior cervical spine fixation (ACSF) after acute spinal cord injury often require tracheostomy for prolonged ventilatory support and upper respiratory tract clearance. The authors report two patients with ACSF who underwent a successful ultrasonographically guided percutaneous tracheostomy with dilatation forceps technique. Possible advantages of the ultrasonographically guided method with dilatation forceps in patients with ACSF are discussed.