Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Aug 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialIntravenous dolasetron and ondansetron in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Intravenous dolasetron mesilate has shown efficacy in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) when administered as a single dose prior to emergence from anesthesia. This trial compared intravenous dolasetron and ondansetron for the prevention of PONV when administered at induction of anesthesia. ⋯ When given at induction of anesthesia, 50 mg intravenous dolasetron is equivalent to 4 mg ondansetron and superior to 25 mg dolasetron and placebo for the prevention of PONV. All treatments were safely administered and well tolerated.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Aug 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialMinimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane for tracheal extubation in children.
One advantage of tracheal extubation during deep anaesthesia is that respiratory complications are reduced. Sevoflurane is a suitable anaesthetic agent for children. This study was conducted to determine the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane required to prevent cough or movement during and after tracheal extubation (MACextubation). ⋯ Tracheal extubation in 50% of anaesthetized children age 2-10 yr may be accomplished without coughing or moving at 2.3% end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Aug 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialAnalgesic and psychomotor effects of thiopental at subanesthetic concentrations in human volunteers.
Studies of the effects of barbiturates on the modulation of pain have produced mixed results. In a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we studied the effects of thiopental at presumed steady-state, "conscious sedation" levels on cold-pressor-induced pain in 12 healthy volunteers. ⋯ Our laboratory results do not support the long-held belief that barbiturates are "antanalgesic" or hyperalgesic, at least for cold-pressor-induced pain.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Aug 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialCaudal clonidine and bupivacaine for combined epidural and general anaesthesia in children.
Clonidine produces analgesia by actions on alpha 2-adrenoceptors and enhances both sensory and motor blockade from epidural injection of local anaesthetics. Low-dose clonidine has been used so far for caudal injection in children. Our aim was to study the perioperative effects of high-dose caudal clonidine when added to low concentration of bupivacaine for combined epidural and general anaesthesia in children. ⋯ Our results suggest that caudal clonidine 5 micrograms.kg-1 enhances and prolongs caudal blockade with bupivacaine (1.175% in children. It also blocks sympathoadrenergic responses during emergence from anaesthesia. Sedation and cardiovascular effects are observed up to 3 h into the postoperative period.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Aug 1997
Relationship between intra- and postoperative oxygen transport and prolonged intensive care after cardiac surgery: a prospective study.
Prolonged intensive care is a rare but serious complication of cardiac surgery. It is required in less than 10% of operated patients but they use more than 30% of all the intensive care resources needed for cardiac surgery. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical course of the patients who need prolonged intensive care following cardiac surgery and to assess whether the intra- and postoperative oxygen transport variables are different in these patients as compared to patients with an uncomplicated course. ⋯ There was no significant relationship between the factors conventionally assumed to be risk factors for prolonged intensive care. Instead, an increase in whole body oxygen extraction, reflecting a mismatch between the whole body oxygen demand and supply, was associated with the need for prolonged intensive care. Oxygen extraction increased to compensate for the reduced oxygen delivery, which in turn was caused by a lower arterial oxygen content.