Neurosurgery clinics of North America
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Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. · Jan 2012
ReviewSelection of treatment modalities or observation of arteriovenous malformations.
This article provides management guidelines for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Management options include observation, surgical excision, endovascular embolization, and radiosurgery. ⋯ The article stratifies each lesion based on the AVM and patient characteristics to either observation or a single or multimodal treatment arm. The treatment of an AVM must be carefully weighed in each patient because of the risk of neurologic injury in functional areas of the brain and weighed against the natural history of hemorrhage.
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Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. · Jan 2012
ReviewSurgical treatment of cranial arteriovenous malformations and dural arteriovenous fistulas.
Microsurgical resection remains the treatment of choice for more than half of all patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). It reduces the treatment window to a span of a few weeks and is curative. ⋯ When performed, however, microsurgical obliteration of DAVFs is associated with excellent outcomes as well. This article reviews the current state of microsurgical treatment of AVMs and DAVFs.
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Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. · Jan 2012
ReviewStereotactic radiosurgery of cranial arteriovenous malformations and dural arteriovenous fistulas.
Cranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) carry a significant risk of morbidity and mortality when they hemorrhage. Current treatment options include surgery, embolization, radiosurgery, or a combination of these treatments. ⋯ Success in treating AVMs is variable depending on the volume of the lesion, the radiation dose, and the pattern of vascular supply and drainage. This article discusses the considerations for selecting radiosurgery as a treatment modality in patients who present with AVMs and AVFs.
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Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. · Oct 2011
ReviewImplanted subdural electrodes: safety issues and complication avoidance.
Invasive electroencephalography via subdural implanted electrodes is essential for the identification and localization of the epileptogenic focus in a large percentage of cases of medically refractory epilepsy. The implantation of subdural electrodes constitutes a widely used method for the preoperative investigation of these patients. ⋯ This article systematically reviews the literature regarding safety issues, potential complications, and complication avoidance strategies associated with the implantation of subdural electrodes. Knowledge of all the reported complications may help in their early detection and their prompt management.
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Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. · Oct 2011
Review Comparative StudyTrigeminal nerve stimulation: seminal animal and human studies for epilepsy and depression.
The unique ability to stimulate bilaterally, extracranially, and non-invasively may represent a significant advantage to invasive neuromodulation therapies. In humans thus far the technique has been applied noninvasively, and is termed external trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNSTM).