Cancer causes & control : CCC
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Cancer Causes Control · Nov 2018
Chronic comorbidities and cervical cancer screening and adherence among US-born and foreign-born women.
Whereas chronic conditions and foreign-birth have an inverse relationship with cervical cancer screening, the combined effect of these factors on screening is unknown. This study examined the associations between chronic comorbidities and Pap screening recommendations and adherence, and whether these associations vary between foreign- and US-born women. ⋯ Public health intervention efforts must improve regular access to preventive care and encourage Pap screening among women diagnosed with chronic conditions. Future research should further identify additional factors driving the cervical cancer screening practices of both US- and foreign-born women with and without chronic conditions.
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Cancer Causes Control · Oct 2018
Intersectional nativity and racial/ethnic disparities in human papillomavirus vaccination initiation among U.S. women: a national population-based study.
Overall, foreign-born women are less likely than U.S.-born women to have initiated human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. However, foreign-born women are a racially/ethnically diverse population, and race/ethnicity is an independent predictor of HPV vaccination. ⋯ We observed pronounced HPV vaccination initiation disparities among foreign-born women in relation to race/ethnicity and between foreign-born women from minoritized racial/ethnic backgrounds and U.S.-born white women. Research on nativity disparities in HPV vaccination should take into account race/ethnicity, and vice versa. Interventions that seek to facilitate HPV vaccination among foreign-born women are needed and should address the unique needs of those from minoritized racial/ethnic backgrounds to promote cancer equity.
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Cancer Causes Control · Mar 2018
Spatial clustering of childhood cancers in Switzerland: a nationwide study.
Childhood cancers are rare and little is known about their etiology. Potential risk factors include environmental exposures that might implicate spatial variation of cancer risk. Previous studies of spatial clustering have mainly focused on childhood leukemia. We investigated spatial clustering of different childhood cancers in Switzerland using exact geocodes of place of residence. ⋯ This study provides weak evidence of spatial clustering of childhood cancers. Evidence was strongest for HL and embryonal CNS tumors, adding to the current literature that these cancers cluster in space.
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Cancer Causes Control · Dec 2017
The relationship between physical activity, obesity, and lung cancer risk by smoking status in a large prospective cohort of US adults.
Physical activity has been associated with lower lung cancer risk in numerous studies with estimates ranging from 20 to 50% lower risk in the most versus the least active study participants. Underweight and obesity have also been associated with lower lung cancer risk, with a nonlinear, inverted U-shaped relationship. However, associations of physical activity and obesity with lung cancer are likely significantly confounded by smoking since individuals who smoke are generally less active and leaner than non-smokers, but few studies have examined these associations stratified by smoking status. ⋯ Similarly, BMI was inversely associated with lung cancer in former smokers less than 10 years since quitting (RR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.55-0.84 for 30+ kg/m2) and more modestly in former smokers who quit 10-19 and 20+ years ago. Waist circumference was not associated with lung cancer risk in any smoking category. While being physically active and maintaining a healthy body weight are important for prevention of various chronic diseases, including several types of cancer, our results suggest that physical activity, BMI, and waist circumference are not associated with lung cancer risk, regardless of smoking status.
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Cancer Causes Control · Mar 2017
Prostate cancer screening decision-making in three states: 2013 behavioral risk factor surveillance system analysis.
Given the discordant prostate cancer screening recommendations in the United States, shared decision-making (SDM) has become increasingly important. The objectives of this study were to determine who made the final decision to obtain prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening and identify factors associated with the screening decision made by both patients and their health care providers. ⋯ The majority of screening decisions were made by the patient or health care provider alone in these three states, not jointly, as recommended. Our study points to the need to promote SDM among patients and their health care providers before PSA testing.