Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Changes in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) are associated with a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) during hypocapnia and an increase in CBF during hypercapnia. However, the effects of changes in PaCO2 on cerebral arterial compliance (Ca) are unknown. ⋯ Using a new mathematical model, we have described a reduction of Ca during hypocapnia. Further studies are needed to determine whether Ca may be an independent predictor of outcome in pathological conditions.
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Case Reports
Parry-Romberg syndrome and Rasmussen encephalitis: possible association. Clinical and neuroimaging features.
Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) is a sporadic disease of unknown etiology with typical onset in childhood or in young adults. It is characterized by a slow and progressive atrophy affecting one side of the face, the skin, the subcutaneous tissue, the muscles, the cartilages, and the underlying bony structures. The neurological symptoms usually include focal epilepsy, migraine, and unilateral brain lesions on the same side as the atrophy. ⋯ We report the clinical and neuroradiological findings in a 6-year-old boy, presenting with focal hemifacial and arm motor seizures and progressive facial hemiatrophy. Serial MR imaging studies revealed progressive brain hemispheric signal alterations and atrophy. This would thus suggest acoexistence of PRS and RE.
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Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging is a new technique that maximizes the information and image quality of traditional 2-dimensional (2D) B-mode scanning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the 3D ultrasound technique to characterize ulcerated atherosclerotic carotid plaque. ⋯ 3D ultrasound reliably characterized the surface morphology of atherosclerotic carotid plaques. A trend of superiority of 3D ultrasound over 2D was found in detecting ulcers of carotid artery plaque.
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Case Reports
Unusual presentation of sarcoidosis: solitary intracranial mass lesion mimicking a glioma.
We present a patient with sarcoidosis with an isolated intraparenchymal mass lesion that was similar to a glioma on magnetic resonance imaging. On fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, a small hyperintense signal change in the right uncus was observed. Three months later, enlargement of the abnormal signal lesion was observed. ⋯ A biopsy of the temporal lobe tumor was done. On histology, a noncaseating granulomatous inflammation consistent with neurosarcoidosis was diagnosed. Albeit rarely, we should consider the possibility of neurosarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of isolated intraparenchymal mass lesion, when the mass is located beside the pia mater.
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Features of tumefactive demyelinating lesion (TDL) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can facilitate the differential diagnosis of TDL and neoplastic lesions, but vary considerably among patients. The larger TDL grows, the more difficult it becomes to differentiate TDL from neoplastic lesions. The purpose of this study was to elucidate typical MRI features in 12 patients with large TDL (>30 mm in diameter). ⋯ The diagnosis of large TDL is challenging. Our findings suggest that multiple venous dilatations on and around TDLs on angiography can facilitate diagnosis.