Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Traumatic head/brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and life-long disability in children. The biomechanical properties of the child's brain and skull, the size of the child, the age-specific activity pattern, and higher degree of brain plasticity result in a unique distribution, degree, and quality of TBI compared to adult TBI. A detailed knowledge about the various types of primary and secondary pediatric head injuries is essential to better identify and understand pediatric TBI. The goals of this review article are (1) to discuss the unique epidemiology, mechanisms, and characteristics of TBI in children, and (2) to review the anatomical and functional imaging techniques that can be used to study common and rare pediatric traumatic brain injuries and their complications.
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To evaluate the value of three-dimensional (3D) whole brain perfused volume computed tomography (3D PBV CT) based on CT angiography (CTA) data in patients with hyperacute cerebral infarction. ⋯ 3D PBV CT has the potential to assess the full extent of an ischemic stroke at an early stage, whereas PBV is limited to the detection of small infarcts. The 3D PBV CT technique based on CTA data requires no additional radiation exposure or contrast medium injection, and can be performed in a short period of time.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The unique biomechanical, hemodynamical, and functional characteristics of the developing brain and the age-dependent variance in trauma mechanisms result in a wide range of age specific traumas and patterns of brain injuries. ⋯ In recent years, anatomical but also functional imaging methods have revolutionized neuroimaging of pediatric TBI. The purpose of this article is (1) to comprehensively review frequent primary and secondary brain injuries and (2) to give a short overview of two special types of pediatric TBI: birth related and nonaccidental injuries.
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We investigated the accuracy of high-field proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H MRS) and fluorine-18 2-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18) F-FDG-PET) for diagnosis of glioma progression following tumor resection, stereotactic radiation, and chemotherapy. ⋯ The combination of (1) H MRS data and (18) F-FDG-PET imaging can enhance detection of glioma progression. (1) H MRS imaging was more accurate in low-grade gliomas and (18) F-FDG-PET provided better accuracy in high-grade gliomas.
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In the second half of this 2-part review, the neuroimaging features of the most common viral, fungal, and parasitic infections of the pediatric central nervous system are discussed. Brief discussions of epidemiology and pathophysiology will be followed by a review of the imaging findings and potential differential considerations.