Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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This study investigates the diagnostic value of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) assessed by transorbital sonography for estimation of intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). ⋯ In patients with SAH and acute hydrocephalus after aneurysm rupture, the ONSD remains expanded after normalization of ICP. This is most likely due to an impaired retraction capability of the optic nerve sheath. This finding should be considered when using transorbital sonography in the neuromonitoring of aneurysmal SAH.
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Imaging biomarkers of disease progression are desirable in inherited ataxias. MRI has demonstrated brain damage in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) in form of regional atrophy of the medulla, peridentate cerebellar white matter (WM) and superior cerebellar peduncles (visible in T1-weighted images) and of change of microstructural characteristics of WM tracts of the brainstem, cerebellar peduncles, cerebellum, and supratentorial structures (visible through diffusion-weighted imaging). We explored the potential of brain MR morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to track the progression of neurodegeneration in FRDA. ⋯ DTI can track brain microstructural changes in FRDA and can be considered a potential biomarker of disease progression.
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Fetal anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries have been studied using transabdominal Doppler ultrasound. We performed a feasibility study to determine whether basilar artery can be identified and blood flow velocities measured using transabdominal fetal Doppler ultrasound. ⋯ We demonstrate the feasibility of fetal basilar artery insonation using directional color Doppler ultrasound via transabdominal approach.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of Glioblastomas and Brain Metastases using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion MRI.
To compare glioblastoma and brain metastases using T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI perfusion technique. ⋯ DCE-MRI showed that it has a potential to differentiate glioblastomas, melanoma metastases and hypovascular brain tumors. Logarithmic slope of the washout phase and AUC of the signal intensity time curve were shown to be the best discriminator between hypervascular and hypovascular neoplasms.
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Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) vascular hyperintensity (FVH) is a novel radiographic marker detected in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, which is linked to slow blood flow and potentially salvageable brain tissue. Poor leptomeningeal collateral status in AIS patients with proximal artery occlusion (PAO) is associated with larger final infarct and worse clinical outcomes, which are also affected by severity of white matter hyperintensity (WMH). We sought to evaluate FVH utility as a marker of acute collateral vessel status and its association with WMH burden in AIS patients. ⋯ FVH score detected on acute MRI can be used as a surrogate of collateral flow grade in AIS patients. FVH degree is inversely associated with WMHV, possibly signifying diffuse disease of cerebral vasculature in patients with severe leukoaraiosis.