Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Cognitive dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). The dorsal anterior insula (dAI) is a key hub of the salience network (SN) orchestrating access to critical cognitive brain regions. The aim of this study was to assess whole-brain dAI intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) in people with MS and healthy controls (HC) and test the relationship between cognitive reserve (CR) and dAI iFC in people with MS. ⋯ CR is relevant to functional connectivity within one of the main nodes of the SN, the dAI, and occipital regions in MS. These results have implications for how CR may modulate the susceptibility to cognitive dysfunction in MS.
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Cirrhosis is associated with diffuse brain manganese deposition, which results in increased signal intensity (SI) in the brain on T1-weighted images, most often visualized in the globus pallidus. The purpose of this study was to determine if automated image intensity measurements can detect SI differences in the basal ganglia and other regions reported to have manganese deposition in patients with cirrhosis compared with controls. ⋯ Automatic assessment of T1 SI allows for rapid, objective identification of widespread T1 shortening associated with manganese deposition in cirrhosis, consistent with the global deposition of neurotoxic manganese seen in pathology studies. This automated T1 assessment may have broader utility for other conditions beyond cirrhosis impacting T1 SI.
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The effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on performance of neuroendovascular procedures has not been quantified. ⋯ We provided an international multicenter view of changes in neuroendovascular practices to better understand the gaps in provision of care and identify individual procedures, which are susceptible to change.
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To assess a 3D high-resolution IR-prepped fast SPGR high-resolution MRI sequence for evaluating hypoglossal nerve lesions. ⋯ Compared with conventional MRI, we show superior results from an advanced sequence to improve image quality in characterizing hypoglossal nerve lesions.
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There are important differences in the treatment and prognosis of adult intracranial low-grade ependymomas (grade II) versus anaplastic ependymomas (grade III). We evaluated the value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for differentiating these two tumors and further investigated the relationship between ADC values and the Ki-67 proliferation index. ⋯ ADC values can differentiate adult intracranial low-grade ependymomas and anaplastic ependymomas, which could improve the preoperative diagnostic accuracy of these two tumors and guide their treatment.