Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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There are important differences in the treatment and prognosis of adult intracranial low-grade ependymomas (grade II) versus anaplastic ependymomas (grade III). We evaluated the value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for differentiating these two tumors and further investigated the relationship between ADC values and the Ki-67 proliferation index. ⋯ ADC values can differentiate adult intracranial low-grade ependymomas and anaplastic ependymomas, which could improve the preoperative diagnostic accuracy of these two tumors and guide their treatment.
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Review Case Reports
Clinical and Neuroimaging Manifestations of Erdheim-Chester Disease: A Review.
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare disorder characterized by accumulation of non-Langerhans cell histiocytes in multiple organs. The clinical manifestations are protean and vary from asymptomatic focal disease to potentially fatal multisystem disorder. The commonest presentation is symmetric osterosclerotic lesions of lower extremity long bones; other organs, including cardiovascular, nervous, and endocrine system may be affected. ⋯ Rare primary neurological presentation can occur mimicking CNS inflammatory, neoplastic, or demyelinating disorders. We report an unusual case of ECD presenting with progressive encephalopathy and ataxia along with multifocal brainstem and cerebellar lesions. A comprehensive review of clinical and neuroimaging features and immunohistochemical and molecular characteristic of ECD are presented along with review of neuroimaging findings in two previously reported cases.
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To evaluate the performance of multiparametric MR images in differentiation of different regions of the gross tumor area and for assessment of glioma grade. ⋯ This study showed that subtraction maps provided significant contrast in differentiating several regions of the gross tumor area and are of benefit for accurate tumor grading.
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Pediatric nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare epithelial origin tumor associated with undifferentiated histology, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and genetic risk factors. Childhood NPC is usually clinically silent, often presenting with advanced locoregional compromise, including skull base invasion and cervical lymphadenopathy, and has a better prognosis than adult NPC. This article describes computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in a cohort of 28 pediatric NPC patients. ⋯ Although uncommon in pediatric patients, NPC should be in the differential diagnosis of adolescents presenting with a nasopharyngeal mass. Recognizing key imaging characteristics is helpful in the diagnosis of NPC.
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Although global and regional brain volume has been established as a relevant measure to define and predict multiple sclerosis (MS) severity, characterization of specific trends by race/ethnicity is currently lacking. We aim to (1) characterize racial disparities in disability-specific patterns of brain MRI volumetric measures between Hispanic and Caucasian individuals with MS and (2) explore the relevance of these measures as predictors of clinical disability progression. ⋯ The confounding impact of race on quantitative brain volume measures may affect the interpretation of outcome measures in MS clinical trials.