Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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In symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS), borderzone infarct pattern and perfusion mismatch are associated with increased risk of recurrent strokes, which may reflect the shared underlying mechanism of hypoperfusion distal to the intracranial atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we hypothesized a correlation between hypoperfusion volumes and ICAS infarct patterns based on the respective underlying mechanistic subtypes. ⋯ ICAS infarct patterns, in keeping with their respective underlying mechanisms, may correlate with distinct perfusion profiles.
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Manual segmentation of white matter (WM) bundles requires extensive training and is prohibitively labor-intensive for large-scale studies. Automated segmentation methods are necessary in order to eliminate operator dependency and to enable reproducible studies. Significant changes in the WM landscape throughout childhood require flexible methods to capture the variance across the span of brain development. ⋯ This novel automated segmentation approach is a promising tool for reproducible large-scale tractography analyses in pediatric populations and particularly for the quantitative assessment of structural connections underlying various clinical presentations in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Physical activity may represent a disease-modifying therapy in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). To date, there is limited research regarding mechanisms based on brain imaging for understanding the beneficial effects of physical activity in pwMS. This study examined the relationship between physical activity levels and thalamic and hippocampal volumes and brain metabolism in pwMS. ⋯ This study provides novel evidence for a positive association between physical activity and thalamic and hippocampal volume and metabolism in pwMS. These findings support the hypothesis that physical activity, particularly MVPA, may serve as a disease-modifying treatment by improving brain health in pwMS.
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To compare and characterize metabolic features of high- and low-grade glioma tumors using 68 Ga-PSMA-617 and 18 F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). ⋯ PET/CT with 68 Ga-PSMA-617 and 18 F-FDG may help distinguish between HGG and LGG, and 68 Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT is superior to18 F-FDG in differentiating HGG and LGG.
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Observational Study
Right-to-left shunt detection using transforaminal insonation of the basilar artery.
Investigation for patent foramen ovale (PFO) is warranted in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS), as PFO closure is recommended in select CS patients for secondary stroke prevention. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is noninvasive and has high sensitivity for PFO screening. However, 10% of the population has insufficient temporal bone windows to perform standard TCD monitoring of the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). Prior reports showed similar diagnostic accuracy between the basilar artery and MCAs insonation. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of transforaminal insonation of the basilar artery (TIBA) in diagnosis of right-to-left shunt (RLS) in patients with inadequate temporal windows. ⋯ PFO screening accuracy using TIBA was 75%. Prospective evaluation of CS patients with TIBA and comparison to the gold-standard TEE should be performed to further guide clinical practice.