Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a relapsing demyelinating condition. There are several cross-sectional studies showing evidence of brain atrophy in people with MOGAD (pwMOGAD), but longitudinal brain volumetric assessment is still an unmet need. Current recommendations do not include monitoring with MRI and assume distinct attacks. Evidence of ongoing axon loss will have diagnostic and therapeutic implications. In this study, we assessed brain volume changes in pwMOGAD over a mean follow-up period of 2 years and compared this to changes in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). ⋯ We found evidence of loss of GM and TBV over time in pwMOGAD, similar to pwMS, although the WM and lesion volumes were unchanged.
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Meta Analysis
Transorbital sonography in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Single-center study, systematic review and meta-analysis.
Transorbital sonography (TOS) provides a noninvasive tool to detect intracranial pressure by assessing optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and optic disc elevation (ODE). The utility of TOS in the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has been increasingly recognized. ⋯ TOS has a high diagnostic utility for the noninvasive diagnosis of IIH and may deserve wider implementation in everyday clinical practice.
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Skull lesions in pediatric population are common findings on imaging and sometimes with heterogeneous manifestations, constituting a diagnostic challenge. Some lesions can be misinterpreted for their aggressiveness, as with larger lesions eroding cortical bone, containing soft tissue components, leading to excessive and, in some cases, invasive inappropriate etiological investigation. In this review, we present multiple several conditions that may present as skull lesions or pseudolesions, organized by groups (anatomic variants, congenital and development disorders, traumatic injuries, vascular issues, infectious conditions, and tumoral processes). ⋯ Osteomyelitis tends to be locally aggressive and may mimic malignancy, in which cases, the clinical history can be the key to diagnosis. Vascular (sickle cell disease) and tumoral (aneurismal bone cyst, eosinophilic granuloma, metastases) lesions are relatively rare lesions but should be considered in the differential diagnosis, in the presence of certain imaging findings. The main difficulty is the differentiation between the benign and malignant nature; therefore, the main objective of this pictorial essay is to review the main skull lytic lesions found in pediatric age, describing the main findings in different imaging modalities (CT and MRI), allowing the neuroradiologist greater confidence in establishing the differential diagnosis, through a systematic and simple characterization of the lesions.
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The hippocampus is a complex structure located in the mesial temporal lobe that plays a critical role in cognitive and memory-related processes. The hippocampal formation consists of the dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper, and subiculum, and its importance in the neural circuitry makes it a key anatomic structure to evaluate in neuroimaging studies. ⋯ It provides an overview of the hippocampal anatomy on magnetic resonance imaging and discusses how various imaging techniques can be used to assess the hippocampus. The review explores neuroimaging findings related to hippocampal variants (incomplete hippocampal inversion, sulcal remnant and choroidal fissure cysts), and pathologies of neoplastic (astrocytoma and glioma, ganglioglioma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor, and metastasis), epileptic (mesial temporal sclerosis and focal cortical dysplasia), neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease, progressive primary aphasia, and frontotemporal dementia), infectious (Herpes simplex virus and limbic encephalitis), vascular (ischemic stroke, arteriovenous malformation, and cerebral cavernous malformations), and toxic-metabolic (transient global amnesia and opioid-associated amnestic syndrome) etiologies.
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Multicenter Study
Pretreatment CT perfusion collateral parameters correlate with penumbra salvage in middle cerebral artery occlusion.
Acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) is a major cause of functional dependence. Collateral status (CS) is an important determinant of functional outcomes. Pretreatment CT perfusion (CTP) parameters serve as reliable surrogates of CS. Penumbra Salvage Index (PSI) is another parameter predictive of functional outcomes in AIS-LVO. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of pretreatment CTP parameters with PSI. ⋯ CBV index correlates with PSI, whereas HIR does not. Future studies are needed to expand our understanding of the adjunct role of CBV index with other similar pretreatment CTP-based markers in clinical evaluation and decision-making in patients with MCA occlusion.