Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous neurodegenerative condition with a prevalence comparable to Alzheimer's disease for patients under 65 years of age. Limited studies have examined the association between cognition and neuroimaging in FTD using different imaging modalities. ⋯ Whole-cortex atrophy is associated with cognitive dysfunction, and this association is larger than for whole-cortex hypometabolism as measured with FDG-PET. At the regional level, focal atrophy and/or hypometabolism in the frontal cortex, insula, PCC, thalamus, and caudate seem to be important for the decline of cognitive function in FTD. Furthermore, these results highlight how functional and structural changes may not overlap and might contribute to cognitive dysfunction in FTD in different ways.
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Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) displays different pathological features compared to adult MS, which can be studied in vivo by assessing tissue magnetic susceptibility with 3T-MRI. We aimed to assess different white matter lesions (WMLs) phenotypes in pediatric MS patients using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and susceptibility mapping weighted imaging (SMWI) over 12 months. ⋯ Chronic compartmentalized inflammation seems to occur early in pediatric MS patients with short disease duration. A high prevalence of iso-/hypo-intense lesions was found, which could account for the higher remyelination potential in pediatric MS.
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In acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large-vessel occlusion (LVO), the relationship between cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) as the hallmark of the ischemic penumbra and leptomeningeal collateral supply is not well established. We aimed to investigate the relationship between pial collateralization and tissue oxygen extraction in patients with LVO using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ⋯ Signal variance-based mapping of collaterals with PWI depicts pial collateral supply, which is closely tied to tissue pathophysiology and clinical and imaging outcomes. Magnetic-resonance-derived mapping of cerebral rOEF reveals penumbral characteristics of hypoperfused tissue and might provide a promising imaging biomarker in AIS.
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The 3-dimensional cranial nerve imaging (CRANI) sequence may assist visualization of anatomical details of extraforaminal cranial nerves and aid in clinical diagnosis and preoperative planning. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using a combined CRANI and magnetization-prepared rapid-acquisition gradient-echo (MPRAGE) imaging protocol to comprehensively identify trigeminal nerve projections. ⋯ A combined CRANI and MPRAGE protocol can be combined to visualize distal branches of V1, V2, and V3 and has potential for clinical use.
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Multicenter Study
Validation of the transcranial Doppler rescue criteria for mechanical thrombectomy.
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) identifies acute stroke patients with arterial occlusion where treatment may not effectively open the blocked vessel. This study aimed to examine the clinical utility and prognostic value of TCD flow findings in patients enrolled in a multicenter prospective study (CLOTBUST-PRO). ⋯ TCD is a valuable modality for evaluating arterial circulation in acute ischemic stroke patients, demonstrating significant potential as a screening tool for intravenous/intra-arterial lysis protocols.