Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) with cortical venous drainage (CVD) carry significant risks of cerebral ischemia and intracranial hemorrhage. Endovascular treatment (EVT) using Onyx, a copolymer-based liquid embolic material, has become the preferred approach. However, the optimal treatment strategy for anterior cranial fossa DAVFs remains debated. ⋯ Based on the results of our study, we believe that a cure of DAVFs, including those in the anterior fossa, can be achieved in more than 90% of cases through transarterial Onyx embolization, given long-term clinical experience.
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Ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath (ONS) diameter is a noninvasive intracranial pressure (ICP) surrogate. ICP is monitored invasively in specialized intensive care units. Noninvasive ICP monitoring is important in less specialized settings. However, noninvasive ICP monitoring using ONS diameter (ONSD) is limited by the need for experts to obtain and perform measurements. We aim to automate ONSD measurements using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with a novel masking technique. ⋯ A CNN can learn ONSD measurement using masking without image segmentation or landmark detection.
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The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) H1 homozygosity (H1/H1 haplotype) is a genetic risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). MAPT H1 homozygosity has been associated with conversion to PD; however, results are conflicting since some studies did not find a strong influence. Cortical hypometabolism is associated with cognitive impairment in PD. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the metabolic pattern in nondemented PD patients MAPT H1/H1 carriers in comparison with MAPT H1/H2 haplotype. In addition, we evaluated domain-specific cognitive differences according to MAPT haplotype. ⋯ PD patients MAPT H1/H1 carriers without dementia exhibit relative hypometabolism in several cortical areas as well as in the basal ganglia, and worse performance in attention than MAPT H1/H2 carriers. Longitudinal studies should assess if lower scores in attention and dysfunction in these areas are predictors of dementia in MAPT H1/H1 homozygotes.
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Given the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction in pediatric concussion, there is a need to better understand pathophysiological disruptions within vestibular and associated cognitive, affective, and sensory-integrative networks. Although current research leverages established intrinsic connectivity networks, these are nonspecific for vestibular function, suggesting that a pathologically guided approach is warranted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the generalizability of the previously identified "vestibular neuromatrix" in adults with and without postconcussive vestibular dysfunction to young athletes aged 14-17. ⋯ Our results suggest that connections between central vestibular, visuospatial, and known intrinsic connectivity networks are conserved across adult and pediatric participants with and without concussion, evincing the significance of this expanded, vestibular-associated network. Our findings thus support this network as a workable model for investigation in future studies of dysfunction in young athlete populations.
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This study was dedicated to investigating the agreement of the calculated results of two CT perfusion (CTP) postprocessing software packages, including parameter maps and ischemic volume, focusing on the infarct core volume (ICV) and penumbra volume (PV). ⋯ The image analysis results of AccuCTP are in excellent agreement with RAPID CTP and can be used as an alternative analysis tool to RAPID CTP software in stroke clinical practice.