Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for in vivo detection and characterization of white matter lesions (WMLs) in multiple sclerosis. While WMLs have been studied for over two decades using MRI, automated segmentation remains challenging. Although the majority of statistical techniques for the automated segmentation of WMLs are based on single imaging modalities, recent advances have used multimodal techniques for identifying WMLs. Complementary modalities emphasize different tissue properties, which help identify interrelated features of lesions. ⋯ MIMoSA resulted in statistically significant improvements in lesion segmentation performance compared with LesionTOADS and OASIS, and performed competitively in an additional validation study.
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Surgery is the first choice therapeutic approach in case of drug-resistant epilepsy. Unfortunately, up to 43% of patients referred for presurgical assessment do not have a lesion detectable by routine 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (MRI-negative), although most of them likely have an underlying epileptogenic lesion. Thus, new MRI modalities with increased sensibility for epileptogenic lesions are required. This paper describes the magnetization-prepared two rapid acquisition gradient echoes (MP2RAGE) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) findings at 7T in a series of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy of different etiologies. ⋯ MRI at ultra-high field is very promising for the detection of inconspicuous epileptogenic lesions and may facilitate epilepsy surgery of a great number of to-date MRI-negative patients.
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Incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI) is an atypical anatomical pattern presented by the hippocampus. It is associated with several neuropathological conditions and is thought to be a factor of susceptibility to hippocampal sclerosis and loss of volume. The volume loss of hippocampus is an inevitable consequence of aging, and when accelerated it is commonly considered an imaging biomarker of Alzheimer's disease dementia. ⋯ The rates of IHI prevalence in the current cohort are similar to those previously reported in healthy cohorts. The IHI severity is related to hippocampal subfield volumes, most notably the CA1, which is a novel finding with potential implications in research on aging and dementia.
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The differentiation of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) from parenchymal hemorrhagic transformation within an ischemic infarction (PHI) is crucial in order to adapt therapeutic measures. We hypothesized that a distinction of ICH and PHI can be made at bedside via transcranial gray-scale and perfusion sonography. ⋯ Differentiation of ICH and PHI via multimodal transcranial sonography with mismatch imaging is possible. Since sonographic imaging as a bedside-method is cost- as well as time-efficient, it may be a helpful tool for differentiation between these two entities particularly in critically ill patients with unclear ICH.
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Stent retrievers have revolutionized endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Animal studies showed that mechanical thrombectomy (MT) may cause endothelial injury and intimal layer edema. Using transcranial color-coded duplex-sonography (TCCS) we observed postprocedural hemodynamic changes in the treated vessel. ⋯ Our TCCS study provides preliminary evidence of focal acceleration of blood flow velocities after MT. Without residual stenosis or vasospasm, this may be a sign of endothelial layer disruption/intimal injury. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.