Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Cerebral venous air entrapment is a rare finding on cranial computed tomography (CT) scan. Peripheral air embolism is discussed as a potential cause. However, the mechanism of retrograde passage through internal jugular valves and veins is unclear. ⋯ This case report gives insight into the mechanism of cerebral venous air embolism. This is the firstcase describing jugular valve insufficiency as the missing link between peripheral air embolism and cerebral venous air entrapment.
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The risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy is well known. However, there is sparse literature regarding the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients receiving warfarin, who have an intracranial meningioma. ⋯ The findings of this case lend further support to the gradually developing notion of relative safety of anticoagulation in patients with meningioma. They also underscore the importance of close monitoring of the INR.
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Case Reports
Paradoxical brain embolism as a cause of central retinal artery occlusion: a case report.
A 79-year-old right-handed woman was admitted to hospital following sudden onset of severe visual loss in the left eye. Left central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) was diagnosed. ⋯ No other embolic sources were identified in the carotid artery, aortic arch, or heart. We report herein a case of CRAO caused by paradoxical brain embolism.
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In contrast to digital subtraction angiography (DSAdia), computed tomography angiography (CTA) provides exact delineation of the perfused lumen in the axial plane, thus allowing luminal (CTAdia) as well as cross-sectional area (CTAarea) internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) assessment. The purposes of the present study were to correlate CTAdia and CTAarea with DSAdia and to assess the inter-observer variabilities of both CTA techniques. ⋯ CTAarea assessment of ICAS correlates well with the results of DSAdia and provides an excellent sensitivity for the detection of ICAS >70% with superior inter-observer agreement compared to CTAdia.
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In the last decade, the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has led to a reevaluation of the pathogenesis and the natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS). This has been driven to a significant degree by results of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies. By providing evidence of early neurodegeneration (based on levels of N-acetylaspartate), results of 1H-MRS studies have led to a reconsideration of the role of axonal damage in MS. ⋯ However, despite the pathological specificity of 1H-MRS and the relatively large number of clinical 1H-MRS studies on patients with MS, measures provided by this MR technique are not used routinely for assessing and monitoring MS patients. This is due to technical difficulties and limitations that are at present not entirely solved. We will review here the most relevant results in MS studies that have used 1H-MRS measures, the clinical importance of these results and the pending issues that need to be solved for a larger and more reliable use of 1H-MRS in clinical MS studies.