Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Subdural empyema represents a loculated infection between the dura and the arachnoid. It has been described either intracranially or in the spinal canal, the latter localization being quite rare. While treatment guidelines for a single (either brain or spinal) localization of a subdural empyema are more or less established, its management when a massive involvement of CNS is evident represents a challenge. ⋯ Spinal subdural empyema and brain subdural empyema are not always, as in our case, two different entities. Prompt diagnosis and treatment constitute the major variables affecting outcome.
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To evaluate the utility of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) as the primary diagnostic investigation in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and to correlate the results with intraoperative findings in those with ruptured aneurysms. ⋯ CTA can provide prompt and accurate diagnostic and anatomic information in the setting of SAH with an excellent detection rate in acute ruptured aneurysms. These findings suggest an increased role for CTA in the evaluation of cerebral aneurysms.
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Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a common aftermath of brain trauma. The diagnosis of DAI is often difficult using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ⋯ White matter damage identified by DTI was correlated with the patient's language impairment as assessed by functional MRI (fMRI) and a neuropsychological exam. The findings demonstrate the utility of DTI for identifying white matter changes secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI).
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Case Reports
Paradoxical brain embolism as a cause of central retinal artery occlusion: a case report.
A 79-year-old right-handed woman was admitted to hospital following sudden onset of severe visual loss in the left eye. Left central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) was diagnosed. ⋯ No other embolic sources were identified in the carotid artery, aortic arch, or heart. We report herein a case of CRAO caused by paradoxical brain embolism.
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Cerebral venous air entrapment is a rare finding on cranial computed tomography (CT) scan. Peripheral air embolism is discussed as a potential cause. However, the mechanism of retrograde passage through internal jugular valves and veins is unclear. ⋯ This case report gives insight into the mechanism of cerebral venous air embolism. This is the firstcase describing jugular valve insufficiency as the missing link between peripheral air embolism and cerebral venous air entrapment.