The Annals of pharmacotherapy
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Review
Cannabinoid analgesia as a potential new therapeutic option in the treatment of chronic pain.
To review the literature concerning the physiology of the endocannabinoid system, current drug development of cannabinoid agonists, and current clinical research on the use of cannabinoid agonists for analgesia. ⋯ Cannabinoids provide a potential approach to pain management with a novel therapeutic target and mechanism. Chronic pain often requires a polypharmaceutical approach to management, and cannabinoids are a potential addition to the arsenal of treatment options.
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To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety profile of lanthanum carbonate, a phosphate binder for chronic kidney disease (CKD). ⋯ Lanthanum carbonate is an effective phosphate-binding agent without significant risk of hypercalcemia or worsening metabolic acidosis. Lanthanum carbonate is a safe and effective drug for reduction of elevated serum phosphorus levels associated with stage 5 CKD. The role of lanthanum carbonate relative to other phosphate-binding drugs, such as calcium salts and sevelamer, remains to be determined.
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To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, adverse effects, and drug interactions of lapatinib. ⋯ Lapatinib has novel, dual tyrosine kinase inhibitory properties selective for factors overexpressed in some solid tumors. Results from preclinical and Phase I/II trials indicate activity in the treatment of solid tumors, especially advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Application for approval is anticipated pending results of ongoing Phase III trials.
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To evaluate the use of methylene blue for the treatment of ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy. ⋯ Available data from case reports indicate that methylene blue is an option in the treatment of ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy, especially in patients with severe symptoms of toxicity. However, the lack of controlled clinical trials and the possibility of spontaneous resolution of encephalopathy make the usefulness of methylene blue unclear.