The Annals of pharmacotherapy
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To discuss the historical basis and limitations of opioid conversion tables, review the relevant literature, and establish an evidence-based equianalgesic dose ratio (EDR) table for performing conversions in the acute care setting. ⋯ In the acute care setting, calculation of dose ratios for opioids, based solely on opioid conversion tables, is an oversimplification of pain management, with a potential for adverse consequences. The calculation of EDRs is one step in an interdisciplinary process that must take into account patient- and institution-specific factors.
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Case Reports
Etomidate use for Cushing's syndrome caused by an ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing tumor.
To report the preparation and use of etomidate in a patient with Cushing's syndrome caused by an ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing tumor. ⋯ When oral or enteral medications cannot be administered and sedation is required in critically ill patients, etomidate is an appropriate intravenous agent for hypercortisolemia. There were no obvious problems with stability when undiluted etomidate 2 mg/mL was infused through a dedicated central venous catheter lumen.
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To review recent literature on the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine. ⋯ Dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective agent for sedation in critically ill patients. Further, well designed studies are needed to define its role as a sedative for critically ill medical, neurosurgical, and pediatric patients, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and as a sedative during procedures.
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To discuss current and potential treatment options for nosocomial pneumonia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ⋯ Vancomycin is still the drug of choice for treatment of MRSA pneumonia, and linezolid should be used as an alternative agent. Linezolid should carry strong consideration for patients with vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity or a documented lack of response to vancomycin. Tigecycline and investigational agents with activity against MRSA may be future options for nosocomial pneumonia due to MRSA.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Influence of an interactive computer-based inhaler technique tutorial on patient knowledge and inhaler technique.
Patient knowledge of correct inhaler technique is essential in the treatment of pulmonary disease. Computer delivery of educational content may augment existing teaching efforts. ⋯ Patients in the tutorial group demonstrated better inhaler technique and scored higher on the Inhaler Technique Knowledge Test compared with those in a control group. This tutorial may be a useful educational tool to enhance patient education regarding inhaler technique.