The Annals of pharmacotherapy
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Medication discrepancies have the potential to cause harm. Medication reconciliation by clinical pharmacists aims to prevent discrepancies and other drug-related problems. ⋯ Discrepancies in the physician-acquired medication history at admission do not always correlate with discrepancies during hospitalization because of clinical pharmacists' interventions; however, discrepancies at admission may be associated with at least half of the discrepancies at discharge. Clinical pharmacist-conducted medication reconciliation can reduce these discrepancies, provided the erroneous information in the physician-acquired medication history is corrected and each intentional change in the medication plan is well documented during hospitalization and at discharge.
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Case Reports
Dabigatran-induced gastrointestinal bleeding in an elderly patient with moderate renal impairment.
To report a case of dabigatran-induced overanticoagulation in a patient who developed acute renal failure and to inform health care providers of the need for appropriate patient selection and periodic monitoring of renal function in the elderly. ⋯ Our case report, along with 2 other recent reports on dabigatran toxicity, illustrates the importance for appropriate patient selection and the need to periodically monitor renal function in elderly patients receiving dabigatran.
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To critically evaluate the use of analgosedation in the management of agitation in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. ⋯ Analgosedation is an efficacious and well-tolerated approach to management of ICU sedation with improved patient outcomes compared to sedative-hypnotic approaches. Additional well-designed trials are warranted to clarify the role of analgosedation in the management of ICU sedation, including trials with nonopioid analgesics.
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Review
Prophylaxis and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus in adult immunocompromised patients.
To review the literature regarding current strategies and strategies under active development for the prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in immunocompromised adults. ⋯ Research most strongly supports the use of aerosolized ribavirin as the treatment strategy for immunocompromised adults with RSV. Addition of an immunomodulator may provide a survival benefit over ribavirin alone. Strategies and supportive data for the prevention of RSV infection in the high-risk adult are critically needed.
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To evaluate the efficacy and safety of roflumilast, approved by the Food and Drug Administration in February 2011 as a treatment to reduce the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations in patients with severe COPD associated with chronic bronchitis and a history of exacerbations. ⋯ Despite its only modest benefits in improving lung function and reducing exacerbation rates, roflumilast serves as a safe and effective option in the treatment of COPD.