Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
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Review Meta Analysis
Effect of high perioperative oxygen supplementation on surgical site infections.
Over the past 15 years, several randomized controlled trials, long-term follow-up studies, meta-analyses, and editorials have been published in regard to the effect of a high fraction of inspired oxygen concentration (FiO(2)) during the perioperative period on the incidence of surgical site infections. Although the evidence is not uniformly favorable for all types of surgeries, a beneficial association of 80% FiO(2) has been documented among open abdominal procedures, especially colorectal surgeries.
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Nephrotoxicity was assessed in 173 critically ill patients receiving intravenous colistin or polymyxin B; it occurred in 60.4% and 41.8%, respectively. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the reason for the difference in nephrotoxicity observed between the groups and to assess the impact of severity of illness and dosing/administration.
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In the United States, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are increasingly detected in clinical infections; however, the colonization burden of these organisms among short-stay and long-term acute care hospitals is unknown. ⋯ We identified high colonization prevalence of KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae among patients in LTACHs. Patients with chronic medical care needs in long-term care facilities may play an important role in the spread of these extremely drug-resistant pathogens.
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Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is increasingly being adopted for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Data from 3 states conducting population-based CDI surveillance showed increases ranging from 43% to 67% in CDI incidence attributable to changing from toxin enzyme immunoassays to NAAT. CDI surveillance requires adjustment for testing methods.