Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of morphine sulphate and codeine phosphate in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.
We undertook a double-blind study to evaluate equianalgesic doses of intramuscular morphine sulphate (0.15 mg.kg-1) and codeine phosphate (1.5 mg.kg-1) in 40 healthy children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. There were no significant differences in pain scores, analgesic requirements or sedation scores between the two groups over the following 24 h. More children vomited in the morphine group (60%) than the codeine group (30%) between one and six h after the procedure (P < 0.05). Codeine phosphate is associated with less postoperative vomiting than morphine sulphate while providing comparable postoperative analgesia for adenotonsillectomy.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialIncidence and therapy of midazolam induced hiccups in paediatric anaesthesia.
A prospective, randomized and double blind study was undertaken to determine the incidence and a possible dose- or age-dependence of hiccups in children premedicated with rectal midazolam and to investigate the treatment of hiccups by intranasal ethyl chloride spray application. Two hundred ASA physical status 1 and 2 children, weighing 3.0 to 15.0 kg, scheduled for minor surgery, were randomly assigned to be given either 0.5 mg.kg-1 midazolam(n=100) or 1.0 mg. kg-1 midazolam (n=100) administered rectally. If hiccups were observed during a period of 20 min after premedication with midazolam, these children were treated after 3 min of hiccups with two short intranasal applications of ethyl chloride spray. ⋯ The mean age levels between children with or without hiccups were 5+/-9 months vs 21+/-19 months (P<0.01) in the 0.5 mg.kg-1 group and 6+/-7 months vs 20+/-14 months (P<0.01) in the 1.0 mg.kg-1 group. Intranasal application of ethyl chloride spray seems to be an effective therapy for midazolam induced hiccups in paediatric anaesthesia. The incidence of these hiccups is highly age significant, but not dose dependent.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialOliguria during corrective spinal surgery for idiopathic scoliosis: the role of antidiuretic hormone.
Patients undergoing surgery for idiopathic scoliosis were studied to determine the incidence and aetiology of oliguria during the perioperative period and to evaluate the efficacy of low dose dopamine in preventing its occurrence. Thirty patients, aged 6-18 years undergoing elective surgery were studied. Anaesthesia was standardized. ⋯ Serum ADH concentrations were increased in both groups (P < 0.05), returning to baseline 18 h postoperatively. We conclude that oliguria during corrective spinal surgery occurs in association with excess ADH secretion as opposed to perioperative hypovolaemia. Dopamine increases urine output in the perioperative period but does not prevent the release of ADH and its subsequent biochemical effects.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialCombination of granisetron and droperidol for the prevention of vomiting after paediatric strabismus surgery.
This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of granisetron plus droperidol with each antiemetic alone for the prevention of vomiting after paediatric strabismus surgery. In a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial, 120 ASA physical status I children, aged 4-10 years, received granisetron 40 microg.kg- 1, droperidol 50 microg.kg- 1, granisetron 40 microg.kg- 1 plus droperidol 50 microg.kg- 1 (n=40 of each) intravenously after an inhalation induction of anaesthesia. ⋯ No clinically important adverse events were observed in any of the groups. In conclusion, a combination of granisetron and droperidol was more effective than granisetron or droperidol as a sole antiemetic for the prevention of postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus repair.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA comparison of halothane and isoflurane for gaseous induction of anaesthesia in infants.
Sixty-four ASA 1 and 2 infants between the ages of 44 weeks postconceptual age and one year presenting for routine, elective surgery were randomly anaesthetized with either 3% halothane in oxygen (Group H) or 5% isoflurane in oxygen (Group I). Patients in Group I took a mean (SD) time of 70.1(13.6) s to loss of eyelash reflex and 80.0 (13.5) s to tolerating the face mask, compared with 80.2 (17.7) s and 93.4 (20.5) s in Group H (P=0.028 and 0.0072, respectively). There were no significant differences between the groups for preinduction or induction state, lowest oxygen saturation, or the incidence of airway related complications or interventions. This study demonstrates that 5% isoflurane in oxygen induces anaesthesia in infants more quickly than 3% halothane in oxygen, without any increase in the incidence or severity of airway-related complications.