Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jun 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialCaudal anesthesia for minor pediatric surgery: a prospective randomized comparison of ropivacaine 0.2% vs levobupivacaine 0.2%.
Previous published data comparing ropivacaine 0.2% with levobupivacaine 0.25% have suggested that ropivacaine might be associated with less early postoperative motor blockade compared with levobupivacaine. The aim of the present study was to further investigate this issue comparing equal concentrations (0.2%) of ropivacaine and levobupivacaine in children undergoing minor subumbilical surgery. ⋯ A 0.2% concentrations of ropivacaine or levobupivacaine are clinically very similar with regard to postoperative analgesia and unwanted postoperative motor blockade in children undergoing minor subumbilical surgery.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jun 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialIntraoperative low-dose S-ketamine has no preventive effects on postoperative pain and morphine consumption after major urological surgery in children.
Clinical studies suggest low-dose ketamine may have preemptive effects on postoperative pain in adults. The objective of this study was to determine whether intraoperative low-dose S-ketamine reduces postoperative pain and morphine consumption in children undergoing major urological surgery. ⋯ Intraoperative low-dose S-ketamine had no effect on morphine consumption during the first 72 h after surgery. The differences in pain intensity and time to first PCA use probably reflect additional sedation and antinociceptive effects of S-ketamine rather than a true 'prevention' of pain.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jun 2005
Psoas compartment block in children: Part I--description of the technique.
Until recently only small series of psoas compartment blocks (PCB) in children have been reported. A high incidence of epidural spread as an important side effect was noted. A series of 100 consecutive blocks using new standardized landmarks is reported. ⋯ The described new technique has a very high success rate with no relevant side effects. Although only one case of epidural spread occurred, PCB remains an invasive technique with the potential for serious complications.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jun 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe addition of clonidine 2 microg.kg-1 does not enhance the postoperative analgesia of a caudal block using 0.125% bupivacaine and epinephrine 1:200,000 in children: a prospective, double-blind, randomized study.
In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the efficacy of 0.125% bupivacaine and epinephrine 1:200,000 with and without clonidine 2 microg.kg-1 for 'single shot' pediatric caudal analgesia. ⋯ We found that the addition of clonidine 2 microg.kg-1 to 0.125% bupivacaine with fresh epinephrine 1:200,000 for caudal analgesia did not significantly delay the time to first rescue analgesic or decrease the overall need for rescue analgesics in children 2-8 years undergoing surgical procedures below the umbilicus.