Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Nov 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyHemodynamic effects of levobupivacaine after pediatric caudal anesthesia evaluated by transesophageal doppler.
The aim of this study is to determine if there are significant differences in hemodynamic effects between combined general-regional anesthesia using levobupivacaine 0.25% 2 ml x kg(-1) via the caudal route in comparison with balanced general anesthesia using continuous infusion of remifentanil in young children undergoing genitourinary surgery. ⋯ Using transesophageal Doppler no differences in hemodynamic parameters could be detected between balanced general anesthesia with either caudal levobupivacaine or remifentanil infusion. Both techniques showed good hemodynamic stability with only minor changes from baseline over time which are unlikely to be of clinical significance except possibly in patients with preexisting cardiovascular compromise. Other studies with noninvasive monitoring in a larger population are required to better understand the consequences of caudal blockade on CO and on regional blood flow in infants.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Nov 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialThe Callender modification of the Macintosh laryngoscope blade reduces the risk of tooth-blade contact in children.
Dental injury is well recognized as a potential complication of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. The flange of the Macintosh blade may contact teeth during laryngoscopy causing damage. The Callander modification of the Macintosh blade (Callander blade) with a shortened heel at the proximal end has been shown to increase the blade-tooth distance and reduce contact rates in adults. ⋯ Our findings suggest that the Callander blade decreases the risk for dental injury and provides tracheal intubating conditions in children with normal airways similar to those obtained with a traditional Macintosh blade.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Nov 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialThe hemodynamic effects of newborn caudal anesthesia assessed by transthoracic echocardiography: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study.
Caudal anesthesia has been increasingly used in abdominal, urinary tract, and lower extremity surgery of infants. However, little was known about the hemodynamic effects of caudal anesthesia in them, especially in neonates. The purpose of this prospective study was designed to investigate the hemodynamic alterations by transthoracic echocardiography in newborn baby after caudal anesthesia with plain Bupivacaine or with epinephrine added Bupivacaine. ⋯ The study shows the stability of hemodynamic variables during caudal anesthesia with Bupivacaine and with epinephrine-added Bupivacaine in newborn infants.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Nov 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyPostoperative pain control for primary cleft lip repair in infants: is there an advantage in performing peripheral nerve blocks?
Primary cleft lip repair is performed in infants under 1 year of age. The efficacy of an infraorbital nerve block vs intravenous fentanyl was compared in our prospective, randomized controlled trial. ⋯ The infraorbital nerve block can be effectively used for pain control in infants undergoing primary cleft lip repair. Although children undergoing a nerve block experienced minor difficulties in feeding, there were no differences in feeding volumes or other feeding parameters. This study has shed light into postoperative outcomes besides pain control on children undergoing cleft lip repairs.