Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialClowns for the prevention of preoperative anxiety in children: a randomized controlled trial.
To determine if specially trained professional clowns allayed preoperative anxiety and resulted in a smooth anesthetic induction compared to the use of midazolam or no intervention. ⋯ This study found that the use of preoperative medically trained clowns for children undergoing surgery can significantly alleviate preoperative anxiety. However, clowns do not have any effect once the anesthesia mask is introduced.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2009
ReviewAnesthetic considerations for major burn injury in pediatric patients.
Major burn injury remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. With advances in burn care and with the development of experienced multi-disciplinary teams at regionalized burn centers, many children are surviving severe burn injury. ⋯ These children provide several anesthetic challenges, such as difficult airways, difficult vascular access, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, altered temperature regulation, sepsis, cardiovascular instability, and increased requirements of muscle relaxants and opioids. The anesthesia provider must understand the physiologic derangements that occur with severe burn injury as well as the subsequent anesthetic implications.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2009
Sedation medication received and adverse events related to sedation for brain MRI in children with and without developmental disabilities.
There are few studies on sedation medication requirements and sedation related adverse events in developmentally disabled children. ⋯ Children with developmental disabilities have similar requirements for sedation medications but are three times more likely to experience hypoxia when compared with normal children.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialPropofol for tracheal intubation in children anesthetized with sevoflurane: a dose-response study.
Tracheal intubation during sevoflurane induction is frequently facilitated with i.v. propofol. We designed a dose-response study to evaluate the intubating conditions, and the incidence and duration of apnea after i.v. propofol in children. ⋯ During sevoflurane/nitrous oxide anesthesia, propofol 3 mg x kg(-1) provides superior intubating conditions with an increased incidence of and prolonged apnea compared with 0 and 0.5 mg x kg(-1).
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2009
Muscle relaxant use for tracheal intubation in pediatric anaesthesia: a survey of clinical practice in Germany.
Aim of this Germany-wide study was to evaluate the use and application customs of neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) for tracheal intubation in children of age 5 years or younger. ⋯ In Germany, mivacurium, with its favorable pharmacologic profile for short cases, is the predominantly used NMBD for pediatric tracheal intubation. Despite the known adverse effects of intubation without muscle relaxation, this technique is also wide-spread, especially among German anesthetists in ambulatory anesthesia centers. Surveys like these are important to determine a status quo of use and application customs of NMBDs in pediatric anesthesia and provide a basis for numerous other studies.