Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2012
Minimum alveolar concentration of desflurane with fentanyl for laryngeal mask airway removal in anesthetized children.
Desflurane provides rapid emergence from anesthesia. So, it can be used for the removal of a laryngeal mask airway in an anesthetized child. We conducted this study to determine the optimal endtidal concentrations of desflurane with fentanyl that would allow removal of a laryngeal mask airway without airway complication in children. ⋯ Removal of laryngeal mask airway can be safely accomplished without coughing, moving, or any other airway complications at 3.57% endtidal concentrations of desflurane with fentanyl in 50% of anesthetized children.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2012
Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous bolus etomidate in children over 6 months of age.
Information has been very limited on the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of etomidate in pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to characterize the PK of etomidate in children. ⋯ Owing to enhanced clearance and increased central compartment volume of etomidate, smaller (younger) children will require higher etomidate bolus dose than larger (older) children to achieve equivalent plasma concentrations. The dependence of Cl(1) and V(1) on age does not support weight-based etomidate dosing in smaller children.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2012
Ingestion of stimulant medications does not alter bispectral index or clinical depth of anesthesia at 1 MAC sevoflurane in children.
Children treated with stimulant medications for the behavioral management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may present for elective surgery. Stimulant medication is often continued until the morning of surgery to optimize perioperative behavior. It is unknown whether such stimulant drug ingestion can affect cerebral arousal and alter depth of anesthesia. A clinically relevant alteration in measured depth of anesthesia could form the basis for an evidence-based recommendation that children taking stimulant medications require a change in the amount of anesthetic delivered or that they require routine monitoring of depth of anesthesia. ⋯ Children taking stimulant medication for ADHD, and who ingest medication on the day of surgery, do not appear to have altered BIS or depth of anesthesia at 1 MAC of sevoflurane. These results do not support a recommendation for a change in anesthetic practice for children having ingested stimulants up to the day of surgery, either in terms of increasing the amount of anesthetic given or monitoring of depth.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2012
Displacement of the common carotid artery after laryngeal mask airway placement in infants and children.
In adults, placement of the laryngeal mask airway causes increased overlapping of the internal jugular vein (IJV) and common carotid artery (CCA). However, few studies in children have been reported. The aim of this study was to describe the degree of overlap of the IJV and the CCA before and after laryngeal mask airway placement in infants and children. ⋯ There was no remarkable change in the overlap index before and after laryngeal mask airway placement in children.
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We present a review of smartphone applications (apps) available for pediatric anesthesia.